10+ Hinduja Tech Interview Questions and Answers

Open loop does not have feedback mechanism, while closed loop does.

• Open loop system does not have a feedback mechanism to adjust the output based on the input.

• Closed loop system uses feedback from the output to control the input and maintain desired output.

• Open loop systems are simpler and less accurate, while closed loop systems are more complex but more accurate.

• Example: A toaster is an open loop system as it does not adjust the toasting time based on the actual toast color...read more

The equation of a PID controller is a control loop feedback mechanism used in industrial control systems.

• The equation for a PID controller is: u(t) = Kp*e(t) + Ki*∫e(t)dt + Kd*de(t)/dt

• Kp, Ki, and Kd are the proportional, integral, and derivative gains respectively

• The proportional term Kp reacts to the current error value

• The integral term Ki reacts to the accumulation of past errors

• The derivative term Kd reacts to the rate at which the error is changing

Two common pressure sensors are piezoresistive sensors and capacitive sensors.

• Piezoresistive sensors: measure pressure by changes in electrical resistance

• Capacitive sensors: measure pressure by changes in capacitance

Shortcut keys in AutoCAD are essential for efficient drawing.

• Shortcut keys save time and increase productivity.

• Common shortcut keys include Ctrl+C (copy), Ctrl+V (paste), and Ctrl+Z (undo).

• Shortcut keys can be customized to suit individual preferences.

• Using shortcut keys reduces the need to navigate through menus and toolbars.

• Learning and using shortcut keys is a valuable skill for AutoCAD engineers.

A wiring diagram shows the connections between components in a transmitter.

• 2-wire transmitters have power and signal wires combined into a single pair

• 3-wire transmitters have separate power, signal, and ground wires

• 4-wire transmitters have separate power, signal, and ground wires, plus an additional shield wire for noise protection

HMI stands for Human Machine Interface and is a user interface that allows interaction between humans and machines. SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition and is a system used to monitor and control industrial processes.

• HMI is typically used for local control and monitoring of machines or processes.

• SCADA is used for remote monitoring and control of multiple machines or processes.

• HMI usually has a graphical interface with buttons, switches, and indicators fo...read more

Navigation in HMI screens involves creating intuitive pathways for users to access different functions and information.

• Use clear and consistent labeling for navigation buttons

• Organize screens in a logical flow to guide users through the interface

• Include breadcrumbs or a menu bar for easy backtracking

• Implement gestures or touch controls for interactive navigation

• Consider user feedback and usability testing to optimize navigation experience

Symbols used in P&ID represent equipment, piping, instrumentation, and controls in a process plant.

• Equipment symbols represent different types of equipment such as pumps, compressors, tanks, and vessels.

• Piping symbols indicate the type of pipe material, size, and direction of flow.

• Instrumentation symbols represent instruments like sensors, transmitters, and controllers.

• Control symbols show the type of control system used in the process.

• Valve symbols indicate the type of valve...read more

A pressure gauge is a device used to measure the pressure of a fluid (liquid or gas) in a closed system.

• Pressure gauges typically consist of a dial with a needle that indicates the pressure reading in units such as psi, bar, or kPa.

• They are commonly used in industrial applications to monitor and control pressure in systems such as pipelines, tanks, and machinery.

• Pressure gauges can be analog or digital, with digital gauges offering more precise readings and additional feature...read more