50+ GE Vernova Interview Questions and Answers

There are two ways to throw an exception in exception handling.

• Exceptions can be thrown using the throw keyword.

• Exceptions can also be thrown implicitly by the runtime system.

• Examples of explicit throwing include throw new Exception() and throw new IOException().

• Examples of implicit throwing include division by zero or null pointer dereference.

Dynamic memory allocation in C/C++ is done using malloc(), calloc(), realloc() functions. C++ also has new and delete operators.

• malloc() allocates memory block of specified size

• calloc() allocates memory block and initializes it to zero

• realloc() changes the size of previously allocated memory block

• new operator in C++ allocates memory and calls constructor

• delete operator in C++ deallocates memory and calls destructor

To find a string in a sorted array of strings.

• Use binary search algorithm to search for the string in the array.

• Compare the search string with the middle element of the array.

• If the search string is less than the middle element, search in the left half of the array.

• If the search string is greater than the middle element, search in the right half of the array.

• Repeat the process until the string is found or the search space is exhausted.

QT supports multiple operating systems and cross-compilation is possible.

• QT supports Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, and many other operating systems.

• Cross-compilation is possible, meaning you can compile for different operating systems on a single machine.

• QT also supports embedded systems like Raspberry Pi and BeagleBone.

• QT provides pre-built binaries for some operating systems, but for others, you may need to compile it yourself.

• QT also provides tools like QT Creator a...read more

Singleton class is a design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to one object.

• To create a singleton, we need to make the constructor private and provide a static method to get the instance of the class.

• To delete the singleton object, we can simply set the instance to null.

• Singletons are useful when we need to ensure that only one instance of a class exists throughout the application.

• Example: Logger class, Database connection class, Configuration class.

A copy constructor is used to create a new object with the same values as an existing object. We implement our own to ensure proper copying of data members.

• A copy constructor is needed when we want to create a new object with the same values as an existing object.

• If we don't implement our own copy constructor, the default copy constructor provided by the compiler may not copy data members properly.

• We can implement our own copy constructor to ensure proper copying of data memb...read more

I have used the Singleton and Factory design patterns in my previous projects.

• Singleton pattern was used to ensure only one instance of a class is created and provide a global point of access to it.

• Factory pattern was used to create objects without exposing the instantiation logic to the client and provide a way to create objects of a family without specifying their concrete classes.

Copy constructor creates a new object by copying an existing object, while assignment operator assigns the value of an existing object to another object.

• Copy constructor is used to initialize a new object with the values of an existing object.

• Assignment operator is used to assign the value of an existing object to another object.

• Copy constructor is called when a new object is created from an existing object.

• Assignment operator is called when an existing object is assigned a n...read more

To check if a linked list is circular, use two pointers, one moving at twice the speed of the other. If they meet, the list is circular.

• Use two pointers, one moving at twice the speed of the other

• If the faster pointer catches up to the slower pointer, the list is circular

• If the faster pointer reaches the end of the list, the list is not circular

I have used Qt version 5.12.3 for my previous project.

• Qt version 5.12.3 was used in my previous project

• I have experience working with Qt 5.15.2 as well

• I am familiar with the features and functionalities of Qt 5.12.3

QT framework is used for developing cross-platform applications with a single codebase.

• QT provides a wide range of libraries and tools for developing GUI applications.

• QT supports multiple platforms including Windows, Linux, macOS, Android, and iOS.

• QT has a large community and extensive documentation.

• QT is written in C++ and supports other programming languages like Python and Java.

• QT is used by companies like Autodesk, Google, and LG for developing their applications.

Find the merge point of 2 linked lists.

• Traverse both lists and find their lengths

• Move the pointer of the longer list to the same distance as the shorter list

• Move both pointers until they meet at the merge point

• If there is no merge point, return null

RTTI stands for Run-Time Type Identification.

• RTTI is a feature in C++ that allows the type of an object to be determined at runtime.

• It is used to implement dynamic_cast, typeid, and exception handling.

• RTTI can be used to check if an object is of a certain type before casting it.

• It can also be used to determine the type of an object in order to perform specific operations on it.

QPointer is a deprecated Qt class used for storing and managing pointers.

• QPointer is used to avoid dangling pointers in Qt applications.

• It is a template class that can be used with any QObject-derived class.

• QPointer is now deprecated and replaced by QWeakPointer.

• QPointer can be used to check if a QObject is still valid before accessing it.

C is a procedural programming language with low-level memory access and a rich set of operators.

• C is a compiled language

• C has a simple syntax and a small set of keywords

• C supports pointers and manual memory management

• C has a rich set of operators and control structures

• C is widely used for system programming, embedded systems, and game development

dpointer is a Qt framework concept used for efficient memory management.

• dpointer is a private implementation pointer.

• It is used to hide implementation details from the public API.

• dpointer allows for copy-on-write semantics.

• It reduces memory usage and improves performance.

• Example: QString uses dpointer to store its data.

• Example: QSharedDataPointer is used to share data between objects.

I would implement a machine learning algorithm to optimize the system's performance and efficiency.

• Implementing a recommendation system to suggest personalized content to users based on their preferences and behavior.

• Integrating natural language processing to improve the system's ability to understand and respond to user queries.

• Utilizing predictive analytics to forecast future trends and make data-driven decisions for the system.

• Introducing automated testing and deployment p...read more

Reverse a given string using array of characters.

• Create an empty array to store the reversed string.

• Loop through the original string from end to start.

• Push each character into the empty array.

• Join the array to form the reversed string.

A movie theatre booking system can be created by designing a user-friendly interface for customers to browse movies, select showtimes, choose seats, and make payments.

• Design a database to store movie information, showtimes, seating availability, and customer bookings.

• Develop a front-end interface for customers to browse movies, select showtimes, and choose seats.

• Implement a back-end system to handle seat reservations, payments, and sending booking confirmations.

• Include featur...read more

Inheritance is a concept in object-oriented programming where a class inherits properties and behaviors from another class.

• Inheritance allows for code reusability and promotes a hierarchical relationship between classes.

• Example: Class B inherits from Class A, so Class B can access all public and protected members of Class A.

• Call by value passes a copy of the actual value to a function, while call by reference passes a reference to the actual value.

• Example: Call by value does ...read more

Algorithm and flow chart for bubble sort on an array

• Compare adjacent elements and swap if necessary

• Repeat until no more swaps are needed

• Time complexity: O(n^2)

• Space complexity: O(1)

HTTP is unsecured while HTTPS is secured with SSL/TLS encryption.

• HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, while HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure.

• HTTP operates on port 80, while HTTPS operates on port 443.

• HTTP data is transmitted in plain text, while HTTPS data is encrypted using SSL/TLS.

• HTTPS provides authentication, integrity, and confidentiality of data exchanged between a client and a server.

• Websites using HTTPS have a padlock icon in the browser's a...read more

Declaration is a statement that tells the compiler about the existence of a variable or function, while definition provides the actual implementation of the variable or function.

• Declaration introduces a name and its type to the compiler, while definition allocates memory for the variable or function.

• Declaration does not allocate memory, while definition does.

• Multiple declarations can exist for a single definition, but only one definition can exist for a single declaration.

• Exa...read more

Query to find employees with salary greater than average salary

• Calculate the average salary of all employees

• Retrieve all employees with salary greater than the average salary

• Use SQL query: SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees)

Indexing is a technique used to optimize the performance of databases by creating a data structure that allows for quick lookup of data.

• Indexing involves creating a data structure that maps key values to their corresponding data entries.

• It helps in speeding up data retrieval operations by reducing the number of disk accesses needed.

• Examples of indexing include creating indexes on columns in a database table to improve query performance.

Primary key uniquely identifies a record, foreign key refers to a field in another table.

• Primary key is used to ensure uniqueness of a record in a table

• Foreign key is used to establish a relationship between two tables

• Primary key cannot be null, foreign key can be null

• Primary key is used as a reference in foreign key

I have experience with various technologies including Java, Python, and SQL.

• Proficient in Java programming language and have implemented it in various projects

• Experience with Python and its libraries such as NumPy and Pandas for data analysis

• Familiarity with SQL and database management systems such as MySQL and Oracle

• Knowledge of web development technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

• Experience with version control systems such as Git and SVN

A flow chart for sorting

• Start with an unsorted list

• Compare adjacent elements and swap if necessary

• Repeat until no more swaps are needed

• List is now sorted

Variables are containers that hold values or references to values in computer programs.

• Variables are used to store data in a program

• They can hold different types of data such as numbers, strings, and booleans

• Variables can be assigned values and their values can be changed throughout the program

• They are used to make code more readable and reusable

• Examples of variables include 'age', 'name', and 'isStudent'

I have a strong interest in the banking industry.

• I have studied finance and economics in college.

• I have completed internships at banks and financial institutions.

• I enjoy following the stock market and analyzing financial data.

• I am excited about the potential for technology to revolutionize banking.

• I believe that the banking industry plays a crucial role in the global economy.

Lists are mutable, ordered collections of items while tuples are immutable, ordered collections of items in Python.

• Lists are defined using square brackets [] while tuples are defined using parentheses ().

• Lists can be modified (add, remove, change elements) while tuples cannot be modified once created.

• Lists are typically used for collections of similar items while tuples are used for fixed collections of items.

• Example: list_example = [1, 2, 3] and tuple_example = (4, 5, 6)

RESTful API is used to allow communication between different systems over the internet using standard HTTP methods.

• Allows systems to communicate and exchange data over the internet

• Uses standard HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE

• Follows REST architectural principles for designing networked applications

• Enables stateless communication between client and server

• Promotes scalability and flexibility in system architecture

HTTP is unsecured while HTTPS is secured with SSL/TLS encryption.

• HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol while HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure.

• HTTP operates on port 80 while HTTPS operates on port 443.

• HTTP is vulnerable to attacks while HTTPS is secure due to SSL/TLS encryption.

• HTTPS provides authentication, data integrity, and confidentiality.

• HTTPS is used for secure online transactions such as online banking, e-commerce, etc.

Synchronisation is the coordination of multiple processes or threads to ensure they work together effectively.

• Synchronisation is important in multi-threaded programming to prevent race conditions and ensure data consistency.

• Common synchronization mechanisms include locks, semaphores, and barriers.

• For example, using a mutex lock to protect a shared resource from being accessed by multiple threads simultaneously.

Designing a web application involves planning the user interface, database structure, backend functionality, and security measures.

• Identify the target audience and their needs

• Create wireframes and mockups to visualize the layout

• Choose appropriate technologies for frontend and backend development

• Implement responsive design for mobile compatibility

• Secure the application against common vulnerabilities

• Test the application thoroughly before deployment

Different types of accounting entries include journal entries, adjusting entries, reversing entries, and closing entries.

• Journal entries are used to record transactions in the general ledger.

• Adjusting entries are made at the end of an accounting period to ensure accurate financial statements.

• Reversing entries are optional entries made at the beginning of an accounting period to cancel out adjusting entries from the previous period.

• Closing entries are made at the end of an acc...read more

Exception handling in Python is a way to handle errors that occur during the execution of a program.

• Use try-except blocks to catch and handle exceptions

• Different types of exceptions can be handled separately

• Use finally block to execute code regardless of whether an exception occurred or not

REST is lightweight, scalable, and easier to use compared to SOAP.

• REST uses standard HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE for communication, making it simpler to implement and understand.

• REST is stateless, meaning each request from a client to the server must contain all the information necessary to understand the request, making it more scalable.

• REST allows for multiple data formats like JSON, XML, plain text, while SOAP only supports XML.

• REST is more flexible and can be...read more

Access specifiers control the visibility of class members in object-oriented programming.

• Public: accessible from any class

• Private: only accessible within the same class

• Protected: accessible within the same class and its subclasses

• Examples: public int age; private String name; protected double salary;

The Two Sum problem involves finding two numbers in an array that add up to a target value.

• Iterate through the array and store the difference between the target and current element in a hashmap.

• Check if the current element exists in the hashmap, if yes, return the indices of the current element and the stored difference.

• Time complexity of O(n) can be achieved by using a hashmap to store elements and their indices.

C is a procedural programming language while C++ is an object-oriented programming language.

• C++ supports classes and objects while C does not.

• C++ has built-in support for polymorphism and inheritance while C does not.

• C++ has a standard template library (STL) while C does not.

• C++ allows function overloading while C does not.

• C++ supports exception handling while C does not.

Quick sort is a popular sorting algorithm that uses divide and conquer strategy.

• Quick sort picks a pivot element and partitions the array around the pivot.

• It recursively sorts the sub-arrays on either side of the pivot.

• It is efficient for large datasets but can have worst-case time complexity of O(n^2).

• Example: [3, 6, 8, 10, 1, 2, 1]

Load balancers distribute incoming network traffic across multiple servers to ensure no single server is overwhelmed.

• Load balancers monitor the health of servers and distribute traffic based on predefined algorithms.

• They can be hardware-based or software-based.

• Common algorithms used by load balancers include round-robin, least connections, and IP hash.

• Load balancers can improve reliability and scalability of a website or application.

• Examples of popular load balancers include ...read more

An empty class in Java is a class that does not have any member variables or methods.

• An empty class can be defined like this: class EmptyClass {}

• Empty classes are often used as placeholders or markers in code.

• Even though an empty class does not have any explicit members, it still inherits from the Object class in Java.

I found and reported 15 critical bugs in the last project, including issues with data validation and UI functionality.

• Identified 5 bugs related to data validation errors

• Discovered 7 UI functionality bugs affecting user experience

• Reported 3 critical bugs impacting system performance

Binary trees are hierarchical data structures composed of nodes, where each node has at most two children.

• Consists of nodes with at most two children - left and right

• Each node can have zero, one, or two children

• Used in data structures like binary search trees and binary heaps

Framework of test automation refers to the structure and guidelines for implementing automated testing.

• Framework provides a set of rules and guidelines for creating and organizing automated tests.

• It includes tools, libraries, coding standards, and best practices for test automation.

• Common types of test automation frameworks include data-driven, keyword-driven, and hybrid frameworks.

• Frameworks help in improving test efficiency, reusability, and maintainability.

• Examples of popu...read more

SQL injection is a type of cyber attack where malicious SQL code is inserted into a vulnerable website's database.

• Attackers use SQL injection to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or to modify or delete data in a database.

• SQL injection can be prevented by using parameterized queries, input validation, and proper error handling.

• Example: An attacker could use SQL injection to bypass login credentials and gain access to a website's backend database.

• Example: An attacker c...read more

I have experience working with CMMI in previous roles.

• Implemented CMMI Level 3 processes in a software development company

• Conducted CMMI appraisals and provided recommendations for improvement

• Trained team members on CMMI processes and best practices

SQL injection is a type of cyber attack where malicious SQL code is inserted into a vulnerable website's database.

• Allows attackers to access sensitive data

• Can modify or delete data

• Can execute commands on the server

• Can be prevented by input validation and parameterized queries

SQL query to retrieve employee names and their salaries from a table

• Use SELECT statement to retrieve data

• Specify the columns you want to retrieve (employee names and salaries)

• Specify the table name from which you want to retrieve data