What are abstraction, encapsulation, and polymorphism?

Question

Accepted Answer

Abstraction, encapsulation, and polymorphism are key concepts in object-oriented programming.

Abstraction is the process of hiding the implementation details and showing only the functionality to the user. For example, a car can be abstracted as a vehicle with properties like speed and color.
Encapsulation is the bundling of data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit. It helps in data hiding and prevents direct access to the data. For example, a class in Java encapsulates data members and methods.
Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass. It enables flexibility in programming by allowing methods to be overridden in subclasses. For example, a shape class can have different subclasses like circle and square that override the area calculation method.

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