10+ TCS System Engineer Hardware Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

List and tuple are both data structures in Python, but they have some differences.

• Lists are mutable, while tuples are immutable.

• Lists use square brackets [], while tuples use parentheses ().

• Lists are typically used for collections of homogeneous items, while tuples are used for heterogeneous items.

• Lists are usually used for sequences that will be modified, while tuples are used for sequences that will not be modified.

• Lists have more built-in methods than tuples.

No, continue statement can only be used inside loops.

• The continue statement is used to skip the current iteration of a loop.

• It cannot be used outside of a loop as there is no iteration to skip.

• Attempting to use continue outside of a loop will result in a syntax error.

Referential integrity constant ensures that a foreign key value always refers to an existing primary key value.

• It maintains consistency between related tables

• It prevents orphaned records

• It enforces data integrity

• Example: A foreign key in the Orders table refers to the primary key in the Customers table

Servlets are used for server-side processing and JSP for presentation. Both have their own advantages.

• Servlets are used for handling complex business logic and database operations.

• JSP is used for presentation and displaying dynamic content.

• Servlets are faster than JSP as they do not involve the overhead of rendering HTML.

• Servlets can be used to handle multiple requests simultaneously.

• JSP can be used for rapid development of web pages.

• Servlets can be used to create RESTful web...read more

Global variables are accessible throughout the program, while local variables are only accessible within a specific function.

• Global variables can be accessed and modified by any function or module in the program.

• Local variables are declared within a specific function and can only be accessed within that function.

• Global variables can cause naming conflicts and make debugging difficult.

• Local variables are preferred for their encapsulation and reduced risk of naming conflicts.

Static variable is a variable that retains its value even after the function execution is completed.

• Static variables are declared inside a function with the keyword 'static'.

• They are initialized only once and retain their value throughout the program.

• They have a default value of 0 if not initialized explicitly.

• They are useful in situations where we need to maintain the state of a variable across function calls.

Pass statement skips the current iteration and continue statement skips the current iteration and moves to the next one.

• Pass statement is used to do nothing and move to the next iteration in a loop.

• Continue statement is used to skip the current iteration and move to the next one in a loop.

• Pass statement is used when a statement is required syntactically but no action is needed.

• Continue statement is used when a condition is met and the current iteration needs to be skipped.

Code for infinite loop and prime number check

• For infinite loop: while(1) { //code }

• For prime number check: bool isPrime(int n) { for(int i=2; i<=sqrt(n); i++) { if(n%i == 0) return false; } return true; }

• Infinite loop can be used for continuous monitoring or background tasks

• Prime number check is useful in cryptography and number theory

Polymorphism refers to the ability of an object to take on many forms. There are two types of polymorphism: compile-time and runtime.

• Compile-time polymorphism is achieved through function overloading and operator overloading.

• Runtime polymorphism is achieved through virtual functions and function overriding.

• Example of compile-time polymorphism: function overloading - multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.

• Example of runtime polymorphism: virtual functio...read more

I have worked on a keyword-driven automation framework using Selenium and TestNG.

• Used Excel sheets to store test data and keywords

• Implemented reusable functions for common actions

• Integrated with Jenkins for continuous integration

• Supported parallel execution for faster testing

init() method initializes an object or a class.

• init() method is used to initialize an object or a class.

• It is called automatically when an object is created.

• It can be used to set default values for object properties.

• It can also be used to perform any necessary setup operations.

• Example: __init__() method in Python.

• Example: init() method in Java.

• Example: viewDidLoad() method in iOS development.

C++ supports multiple inheritance while Java supports single inheritance.

• C++ allows a class to inherit from multiple classes, while Java only allows a class to inherit from one class.

• Java uses interfaces to achieve multiple inheritance-like behavior.

• C++ inheritance is more flexible but can lead to ambiguity and complexity, while Java's single inheritance simplifies the design.

• Example: C++ - class B: public A, public C; Java - class B extends A;

• Example: Java - interface C { vo...read more