10+ Sagacious IP Interview Questions and Answers

I have worked with various design patterns including MVC, Singleton, Factory, and Observer.

• MVC pattern for separating concerns in web applications

• Singleton pattern for ensuring only one instance of a class is created

• Factory pattern for creating objects without exposing the instantiation logic

• Observer pattern for implementing event-driven architectures

String is immutable to ensure thread safety and security. Yes, we can write our own immutable class.

• String is immutable to prevent accidental modification of data.

• Immutable classes ensure thread safety and security.

• We can write our own immutable class by making all fields final and not providing any setters.

• Examples of immutable classes are String, Integer, and LocalDate.

Functional programming focuses on functions while object oriented programming focuses on objects and their interactions.

• Functional programming emphasizes immutability and avoids side effects.

• Object oriented programming uses classes and objects to encapsulate data and behavior.

• Functional programming languages include Haskell and Lisp while object oriented programming languages include Java and C++.

• Functional programming is often used for mathematical computations while object ...read more

Circuit breaker is used to prevent cascading failures in distributed systems.

• Circuit breaker is used to handle faults in microservices architecture.

• It is used to prevent overloading of a service by temporarily stopping requests to it.

• It helps in improving the resilience of the system by handling failures gracefully.

• Example: If a service is down, circuit breaker will stop sending requests to it and will try again after a specified time interval.

• It is also used for monitoring t...read more

I have experience using containerization tools like Docker and Kubernetes for microservices deployment.

• I have used Docker to create container images for each microservice.

• I have used Kubernetes to manage the deployment, scaling, and load balancing of the microservices.

• I have also used Helm charts to package and deploy the microservices as a group.

• I have implemented CI/CD pipelines using tools like Jenkins or GitLab to automate the deployment process.

• I have monitored the micro...read more

JWT tokens are implemented and validated using a combination of server-side and client-side code.

• The server generates a JWT token and sends it to the client upon successful authentication.

• The client stores the token in local storage or a cookie.

• For each subsequent request, the client sends the token in the Authorization header.

• The server verifies the token's signature and expiration time before processing the request.

• If the token is invalid or expired, the server returns a 40...read more

Constructor injection is preferred over Setter injection.

• Constructor injection ensures that all required dependencies are provided at the time of object creation.

• Setter injection allows for optional dependencies and can be used for dynamic changes.

• Constructor injection is more secure as the object is fully initialized before use.

• Setter injection can lead to inconsistent object states if not used carefully.

• Constructor injection is easier to test and maintain.

• Setter injection c...read more

Yes, I have configured saga design pattern in my project.

• I have used saga design pattern to manage complex workflows and transactions.

• I have implemented sagas using libraries like Redux-Saga and NServiceBus.

• I have used sagas to handle scenarios like order processing, payment processing, and inventory management.

• I have also used sagas to handle compensating transactions in case of failures.

A singleton class is a class that can only be instantiated once. It is important to secure it in a multi-threading environment.

• Create a private constructor to prevent external instantiation

• Create a private static instance of the class

• Create a public static method to return the instance

• Use synchronized keyword to ensure thread safety

• Consider using double-checked locking to improve performance

Code to find repeated characters in string with count using Java 8

• Convert string to char array

• Use streams to group by character and count

• Filter out characters with count less than 2

• Print the repeated characters with their count

Orchestration and choreography are design patterns used in distributed systems.

• Orchestration involves a central controller that coordinates the interactions between services.

• Choreography involves services communicating with each other directly without a central controller.

• Orchestration is more suitable for complex workflows while choreography is more flexible.

• Examples of orchestration tools include Kubernetes and Apache Airflow.

• Examples of choreography tools include Apache Ka...read more

Get third highest salary in given employee list using Java 8

• Sort the employee list in descending order of salary using Comparator

• Use distinct() to remove duplicates

• Skip the first two highest salaries using skip()

• Use findFirst() to get the third highest salary

Difference between @Configuration and @Component annotations

• The @Configuration annotation is used to define a configuration class that provides bean definitions

• The @Component annotation is used to mark a class as a Spring component

• Configuration classes can be imported into other configuration classes using @Import annotation

• Components can be scanned and automatically registered as beans using @ComponentScan annotation

Yes, I have extensive experience in implementing CI/CD pipelines.

• I have worked with tools like Jenkins, GitLab CI/CD, and Travis CI.

• I have automated build, test, and deployment processes for multiple projects.

• I have integrated code quality checks and security scans into the pipeline.

• I have also implemented blue-green and canary deployment strategies.

• Overall, I understand the importance of continuous integration and delivery in modern software development.

Autowire simplifies dependency injection in Spring by automatically wiring beans together.

• Autowire eliminates the need for manual bean wiring in XML configuration files.

• It reduces the amount of boilerplate code needed to configure dependencies.

• Autowire can be used with different types of injection, such as constructor, setter, and field injection.

• Example: @Autowired private MyService myService; will automatically inject the MyService bean into the field.

• Example: @Autowired pu...read more

We secure our microservices using a combination of authentication, authorization, encryption, and monitoring.

• We use OAuth2 for authentication and authorization.

• We encrypt sensitive data using AES-256 encryption.

• We use SSL/TLS for secure communication between microservices.

• We implement rate limiting to prevent DDoS attacks.

• We monitor our microservices using tools like Prometheus and Grafana.

• We perform regular security audits and penetration testing.

I have used various design patterns such as Singleton, Factory, Observer, and Decorator.

• Singleton pattern was used to ensure only one instance of a class is created.

• Factory pattern was used to create objects without exposing the instantiation logic to the client.

• Observer pattern was used to notify the dependent objects when there is a change in the state of an object.

• Decorator pattern was used to add new functionality to an existing object without altering its structure.