Tata Motors
30+ KoinBX Interview Questions and Answers
Q1. Why white fumes appear from the silencer when we start an automobile?
White fumes from automobile silencer are due to condensation of water vapor and unburnt fuel.
During combustion, water vapor is produced as a byproduct.
When the exhaust gases cool down in the silencer, the water vapor condenses and appears as white fumes.
Unburnt fuel can also contribute to the white fumes.
This is a normal phenomenon and nothing to worry about unless the fumes are excessive or have a strange odor.
Q2. How did you calculate capacity of battery and rating of motor?
The capacity of the battery is calculated based on the energy requirements and the discharge rate. The rating of the motor is determined by the power requirements and efficiency.
Battery capacity is calculated by dividing the energy requirements by the discharge rate.
Motor rating is determined by dividing the power requirements by the efficiency.
Consider factors like voltage, current, and duration of operation when calculating capacity and rating.
Example: For a battery with en...read more
Q3. Have you taken a course on Industrial Engineering? What are different layouts? What is Just in time?
Answering questions on Industrial Engineering and layouts
Yes, I have taken a course on Industrial Engineering
Different layouts include process layout, product layout, and fixed position layout
Just in time is a manufacturing philosophy where materials are delivered just in time for production
It aims to reduce inventory costs and increase efficiency
For example, Toyota uses just in time manufacturing to reduce waste and improve production speed
Q4. 1. Draw a 4-speed synchromesh gearbox. (A bomb at the beginning which was timely diffused since I had drawn it ago)
A 4-speed synchromesh gearbox is a type of manual transmission commonly used in automobiles.
Synchromesh gearbox allows for smoother shifting between gears
Each gear has its own synchronizer ring to match the speed of the gear and the input shaft
The gears are arranged in a specific order, typically in an H-pattern
The driver must depress the clutch pedal to disengage the gears before shifting
Commonly found in sports cars and high-performance vehicles
Q5. If you are to design press fit assembly (hole and shaft) what parameters would you consider?
Parameters to consider for designing press fit assembly (hole and shaft)
Tolerance of the hole and shaft
Material properties of the hole and shaft
Interference fit required
Press fit force required
Surface finish of the hole and shaft
Assembly process and equipment
Environmental conditions
Design for disassembly
Q6. Why wheels of tractors have larger radius at the back?
The larger radius of wheels at the back of tractors provides better traction and stability.
Larger wheels at the back increase the tractors' pulling power and ability to carry heavy loads.
The larger surface area of the wheels distributes the weight more evenly, reducing soil compaction.
The increased radius helps in overcoming obstacles and rough terrains.
The larger wheels also improve the tractors' stability and prevent tipping over.
Examples: Tractors used in agriculture, cons...read more
Q7. Which one of them is more efficient? What is the reason?
The more efficient option is X due to its faster processing speed and lower energy consumption.
Option X is more efficient because it has a higher processing speed.
Option X consumes less energy compared to option Y.
Option X provides better performance and productivity.
Option Y may have certain advantages, but overall, option X is more efficient.
Q8. What is difference between diesel and Otto cycle?
Diesel cycle is a constant pressure cycle while Otto cycle is a constant volume cycle.
Diesel cycle uses compression ignition while Otto cycle uses spark ignition.
Diesel cycle has a higher compression ratio than Otto cycle.
Diesel cycle is used in diesel engines while Otto cycle is used in gasoline engines.
Diesel cycle has a higher thermal efficiency than Otto cycle.
Diesel cycle has a longer combustion duration than Otto cycle.
Q9. Have you heard about emission norms? What are those?
Emission norms are regulations that limit the amount of pollutants released into the environment by vehicles and industries.
Emission norms are set by governments to reduce air pollution and protect public health.
They specify the maximum amount of pollutants that can be emitted by vehicles and industries.
Examples of pollutants include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and sulfur dioxide.
Emission norms are becoming increasingly strict as the world becomes mo...read more
Q10. What are the constituents of exhaust gases?
Exhaust gases are composed of various pollutants released from combustion of fuels.
Exhaust gases contain carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, and unburned hydrocarbons.
Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas that can cause headaches, dizziness, and even death.
Nitrogen oxides contribute to smog and acid rain.
Sulfur dioxide can cause respiratory problems and contribute to acid rain.
Particulate matter can cause lung damage and other health problems.
Un...read more
Q11. Do electric vehicle use gearbox? Why?
No, electric vehicles do not use gearbox as they have high torque at low speeds.
Electric motors have a wide range of torque and can operate at low speeds without the need for a gearbox.
Gearboxes add weight and complexity to the vehicle.
Electric vehicles use a single-speed transmission or direct drive system.
Examples of electric vehicles without gearbox are Tesla Model S, Nissan Leaf, and BMW i3.
Q12. What are the drags experienced by vehicles?
Drags experienced by vehicles are forces that oppose motion and reduce speed.
Air resistance or drag caused by air molecules colliding with the vehicle's surface
Frictional drag caused by the vehicle's tires or wheels rubbing against the road surface
Gravity drag caused by the vehicle's weight and the force of gravity
Inertia drag caused by the vehicle's mass and resistance to changes in motion
Examples include wind resistance when driving a car, rolling resistance when cycling, a...read more
Q13. 2. Tell me how transmission occurs from engine to wheel?
Transmission transfers power from engine to wheels through a series of gears and shafts.
Engine power is transferred to the transmission through the clutch.
The transmission uses gears to adjust the speed and torque of the output shaft.
The output shaft is connected to the driveshaft, which transfers power to the differential.
The differential splits the power between the two wheels, allowing them to rotate at different speeds.
The wheels are connected to the axles, which transfer...read more
Q14. 4. What is limited slip differential? How it works?
Limited slip differential is a type of differential that limits the speed difference between two wheels on an axle.
It allows for better traction and handling in slippery conditions
It works by using a clutch or viscous fluid to transfer torque between the wheels
Examples include the Torsen differential and the Quaife differential
Q15. Difference between diesel and petrol engine?
Diesel engines use compression ignition while petrol engines use spark ignition.
Diesel engines are more fuel-efficient than petrol engines.
Petrol engines have higher power output than diesel engines.
Diesel engines are more durable and have longer lifespan than petrol engines.
Petrol engines are quieter and smoother than diesel engines.
Examples of diesel engines include those used in trucks and buses while petrol engines are commonly used in cars and motorcycles.
Q16. How do you reduce CO and NOx emissions?
CO and NOx emissions can be reduced by various methods.
Using catalytic converters in vehicles
Switching to cleaner fuels like natural gas or biofuels
Implementing stricter emission standards for industries
Using scrubbers in power plants to remove pollutants
Promoting public transportation and carpooling
Encouraging the use of electric vehicles
Improving engine efficiency through design and maintenance
Reducing idling time for vehicles
Using renewable energy sources to power industri...read more
Q17. What is main difference frist angel Projection or 3rd angal
First angle projection and third angle projection are two methods of representing a 3D object on a 2D surface.
First angle projection is commonly used in Europe and Asia, while third angle projection is commonly used in North America.
In first angle projection, the object is placed between the viewer and the projection plane, while in third angle projection, the object is placed behind the projection plane.
First angle projection is often considered more intuitive, while third a...read more
Q18. How does a 4 stroke engine work?
A 4 stroke engine works by completing four distinct stages - intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust.
Intake: Fuel and air are drawn into the cylinder.
Compression: The piston compresses the fuel-air mixture.
Combustion: The spark plug ignites the mixture, causing an explosion.
Exhaust: The piston pushes out the exhaust gases.
This process repeats for every four strokes of the piston.
Q19. How do we reduce NOx emission?
NOx emissions can be reduced by using low NOx burners, selective catalytic reduction, exhaust gas recirculation, and fuel switching.
Use low NOx burners in combustion processes
Implement selective catalytic reduction to convert NOx to nitrogen and water
Use exhaust gas recirculation to reduce oxygen levels in combustion processes
Switch to cleaner fuels such as natural gas or hydrogen
Optimize combustion processes to reduce excess air and fuel consumption
Q20. How does a speed governor work?
A speed governor regulates the speed of an engine by controlling the fuel supply.
Speed governor is a device that controls the speed of an engine.
It regulates the fuel supply to the engine to maintain a constant speed.
It works by sensing the engine speed and adjusting the fuel supply accordingly.
There are different types of speed governors such as mechanical, hydraulic, and electronic.
Examples of applications include generators, automobiles, and industrial machinery.
Q21. What is emission consists of?
Emission consists of gases and particles released into the air by various sources.
Emission can come from natural sources like volcanoes and wildfires, as well as human activities like transportation and industry.
Common pollutants in emissions include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter.
Emissions can have harmful effects on human health and the environment, including contributing to climate change and air pollution.
Regulations and technolog...read more
Q22. What are Disc Brakes?
Disc brakes are a type of braking system used in vehicles that use a flat, circular disc to slow or stop the vehicle.
Disc brakes work by using calipers to squeeze brake pads against a rotor attached to the wheel.
They are more efficient than drum brakes and provide better stopping power.
Disc brakes are commonly used in high-performance vehicles and sports cars.
They are also used in bicycles and motorcycles.
Disc brakes require less maintenance than drum brakes and are less pron...read more
Q23. Where is electrical engineering used in a car?
Electrical engineering is used in various parts of a car, including the engine, lighting, and entertainment systems.
Electrical engineering is used in the car's engine management system to control fuel injection and ignition timing.
The car's lighting system, including headlights, taillights, and interior lighting, is powered by electrical engineering.
The entertainment system, including the radio and speakers, also relies on electrical engineering.
Electric and hybrid cars rely ...read more
Q24. What is Turbocharger?
Turbocharger is a device that increases the efficiency of an engine by compressing air before it enters the combustion chamber.
Turbochargers use exhaust gases to spin a turbine, which in turn drives a compressor to compress the air intake.
This compressed air allows more fuel to be burned, resulting in increased power output.
Turbochargers are commonly used in diesel engines and high-performance gasoline engines.
Examples of cars with turbochargers include the Volkswagen Golf GT...read more
Q25. Explain the working of a Clutch?
A clutch is a mechanical device that engages and disengages power transmission between two rotating shafts.
A clutch is used in vehicles to connect the engine to the transmission.
It allows the driver to change gears and control the power flow.
When the clutch pedal is pressed, the clutch disc disengages from the flywheel, interrupting power transmission.
Releasing the clutch pedal gradually engages the clutch, allowing power to be transferred.
Clutches can be of various types, su...read more
Q26. How does an induction motor start?
An induction motor starts by creating a rotating magnetic field in the stator which induces a current in the rotor.
The stator windings are energized with a three-phase AC supply
This creates a rotating magnetic field in the stator
The rotating magnetic field induces a current in the rotor
The interaction between the stator and rotor magnetic fields causes the rotor to rotate
The motor reaches its full speed when the rotor speed matches the speed of the rotating magnetic field
Q27. What is the condition of frame shop
The condition of the frame shop is good.
The frame shop is well-maintained and organized.
All the equipment and tools are in good working condition.
There is a sufficient stock of materials and supplies.
The shop follows safety protocols and regulations.
The employees are skilled and trained in frame fabrication techniques.
Q28. Draw carnot cycle on T-S curve ?
Draw Carnot cycle on T-S curve.
Carnot cycle is a theoretical thermodynamic cycle.
It consists of four reversible processes: isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal compression, and adiabatic compression.
The cycle is represented on a T-S diagram.
The area enclosed by the cycle represents the work done by the system.
The efficiency of the cycle is given by (T1-T2)/T1, where T1 is the temperature of the hot reservoir and T2 is the temperature of the cold reservoir.
Q29. What is lest count of mm
Least count of mm is the smallest measurement that can be read on a measuring instrument.
It is important to know the least count of a measuring instrument to ensure accurate readings.
It is usually mentioned on the instrument itself or in the user manual.
For example, the least count of a Vernier caliper is 0.02 mm.
The least count of a micrometer screw gauge is 0.01 mm.
Q30. What is ductile failure ?
Ductile failure is a type of material failure where the material stretches and deforms before breaking.
Occurs in materials that can undergo plastic deformation
Material stretches and deforms before breaking
Common in metals like copper, aluminum, and steel
Ductile materials are preferred in applications where deformation is expected
Examples include wires, cables, and structural components
Q31. Methods to change speed of motor
Methods to change speed of motor
Using variable frequency drive (VFD)
Changing the voltage applied to the motor
Adjusting the resistance in the circuit
Using a gearbox to change the output speed
Using a pulley system to change the speed
Using a servo motor with a controller
Using a stepper motor with a controller
Q32. What is turbo machine
A turbo machine is a device that transfers energy between a fluid and a rotor, typically used in engines and turbines.
Turbo machines include turbochargers, gas turbines, and steam turbines
They are used to increase the efficiency and power output of engines
Work by converting the kinetic energy of a moving fluid into mechanical energy
Q33. How the engine starts
The engine starts when the ignition key is turned on, which sends an electrical signal to the starter motor.
The ignition key is turned on, which sends an electrical signal to the starter motor
The starter motor turns the engine's crankshaft
Fuel and air are mixed in the engine's cylinders and ignited by the spark plugs
The combustion process creates pressure that pushes the pistons, which turn the crankshaft
The engine continues to run as long as fuel and air are supplied and the...read more
Q34. Working of star-delta starter
Star-delta starter is a method of starting three-phase induction motors.
It reduces the starting current and torque of the motor.
It involves two contactors and a timer.
During starting, the motor is connected in star configuration to reduce the voltage across each winding.
After a set time, the motor is switched to delta configuration for normal operation.
Used for high-power motors in industries such as oil and gas, mining, and manufacturing.
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