Takeoff Technologies Associate Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Round duration - 120 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Due to pandemic placement process went virtual. Test was conducted at 10 A.M.

Q1. 
Decode String Problem Statement
Your task is to decode a given encoded string back to its original form.
Explanation:
An encoded string format is <count>[encoded_string], where the 'encoded_string...read more
Ans. 
The task is to decode an encoded string back to its original form by repeating the encoded string 'count' times.
• Parse the input string to extract the count and the encoded string within the brackets

• Use recursion to decode the encoded string by repeating it 'count' times

• Handle nested encoded strings by recursively decoding them

• Output the decoded string for each test case
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Q2. 
Detect and Remove Loop in Linked List
For a given singly linked list, identify if a loop exists and remove it, adjusting the linked list in place. Return the modified linked list.
Expected Complexity:
A...read more
Ans. 
Detect and remove loop in a singly linked list in place with O(n) time complexity and O(1) space complexity.
• Use Floyd's Cycle Detection Algorithm to identify the loop in the linked list.

• Once the loop is detected, use two pointers approach to find the start of the loop.

• Adjust the pointers to remove the loop and return the modified linked list.

• Example: For input 5 2 and 1 2 3 4 5, output should be 1 2 3 4 5.
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Q3. 
Infix to Postfix Conversion
You are provided with a string EXP which represents a valid infix expression. Your task is to convert this given infix expression into a postfix expression.
Explanation:
An i...read more
Ans. 
Convert a given infix expression to postfix expression.
• Use a stack to keep track of operators and operands.

• Follow the rules of precedence for operators (*, / have higher precedence than +, -).

• Handle parentheses by pushing them onto the stack and popping when closing parenthesis is encountered.
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Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Due to pandemic placement process went virtual. Test was conducted at 2 P.M.

Q1. 
Find First Repeated Character in a String
Given a string 'STR' composed of lowercase English letters, identify the character that repeats first in terms of its initial occurrence.
Example:
Input:
STR =...read more
Ans. 
The task is to find the first repeated character in a given string of lowercase English letters.
• Iterate through the string and keep track of characters seen so far in a set.

• If a character is already in the set, return it as the first repeated character.

• If no repeated character is found, return '%'.
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Round duration - 45 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Video Call interview where the interview happened for around 45 minutes.

Q1. 
Maximum Sum Path in a Binary Tree Problem Statement
You are provided with a binary tree consisting of N nodes where each node has an integer value. The task is to determine the maximum sum achievable by a...read more
Ans. 
Find the maximum sum achievable by a simple path between any two nodes in a binary tree.
• Traverse the binary tree to find all possible paths and calculate their sums.

• Keep track of the maximum sum encountered during traversal.

• Consider paths that may include the same node twice.

• Implement a recursive function to explore all paths in the tree.

• Optimize the solution to avoid redundant calculations.
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Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Video Call interview where the interview happened for around 30 minutes.

Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round was purely based on Data Structures and Algorithms . One has to be fairly comfortable in solving Algorithmic problems to pass this round . Both the questions asked were quite common and luckily I had already prepared them from CodeStudio and LeetCode.

Q1. 
Binary Tree Traversals Problem Statement
Given a Binary Tree with 'N' nodes, where each node holds an integer value, your task is to compute the In-Order, Pre-Order, and Post-Order traversals of the binar...read more
Ans. 
Compute the In-Order, Pre-Order, and Post-Order traversals of a Binary Tree given in level-order format.
• Implement functions to perform In-Order, Pre-Order, and Post-Order traversals of a Binary Tree.

• Use level-order input to construct the Binary Tree.

• Traverse the Binary Tree recursively to generate the required traversals.

• Ensure proper handling of null nodes represented by -1 in the input.

• Return the three traversals as
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Q2. 
Reverse Linked List Problem Statement
Given a Singly Linked List of integers, your task is to reverse the Linked List by altering the links between the nodes.
Input:
The first line of input is an intege...read more
Ans. 
Reverse a singly linked list by altering the links between nodes.
• Iterate through the linked list and reverse the links between nodes

• Use three pointers to keep track of the current, previous, and next nodes

• Update the links between nodes to reverse the list

• Return the head of the reversed linked list
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Round duration - 45 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round basically tested some concepts from Data Structures and File Manipulation .

Q1. 
Intersection of Two Arrays Problem Statement
Given two arrays A and B with sizes N and M respectively, both sorted in non-decreasing order, determine their intersection.
The intersection of two arrays in...read more
Ans. 
The problem involves finding the intersection of two sorted arrays efficiently.
• Use two pointers to iterate through both arrays simultaneously.

• Compare elements at the pointers and move the pointers accordingly.

• Handle cases where elements are equal and update the intersection array.

• Return the intersection array as the result.
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