20+ Sagacious IP Interview Questions and Answers

The interview questions cover topics related to data structures, networking, and algorithms.

• 1. Joining for interest in patent analysis and research

• 2. AVL trees are self-balancing binary search trees

• 3. Check if binary tree is BST by performing inorder traversal and checking if elements are in sorted order

• 4. CSMA/CD is a network protocol used in Ethernet networks for collision detection

• 5. DHCP is a network protocol used to assign IP addresses dynamically to devices

• 6. Thrashing ...read more

Four-wheel drive is a system that powers all four wheels of a vehicle simultaneously for better traction and control.

• It is commonly used in off-road vehicles and SUVs.

• It provides better traction and control on slippery or uneven surfaces.

• Four-wheel drive can be engaged or disengaged depending on the driving conditions.

• It is different from all-wheel drive, which powers all four wheels all the time.

• Examples of vehicles with four-wheel drive include Jeep Wrangler, Toyota 4Runner...read more

Differential in a vehicle allows wheels to rotate at different speeds, enabling smooth turns and preventing tire wear.

• Differential is a mechanism that splits torque between wheels on an axle

• It allows wheels to rotate at different speeds while maintaining power to both wheels

• Without differential, the wheels would be forced to rotate at the same speed, making turns difficult and causing tire wear

• Examples of vehicles with differential include cars, trucks, and motorcycles

Electric cars have batteries at a specific location for optimal weight distribution, safety, and ease of maintenance.

• Optimal weight distribution for better handling and performance

• Safety considerations to protect the battery from impact in case of accidents

• Ease of maintenance for easier access and replacement when needed

Diesel engines use compression ignition while petrol engines use spark ignition.

• Diesel engines are more fuel-efficient than petrol engines.

• Petrol engines have higher power output than diesel engines.

• Diesel engines produce more torque than petrol engines.

• Diesel engines are more durable and have longer lifespan than petrol engines.

• Petrol engines are quieter and smoother than diesel engines.

• Diesel engines emit more pollutants than petrol engines.

• Petrol engines are more expensive...read more

Petrol engines use spark ignition, while diesel engines use compression ignition.

• Petrol engines use a spark plug to ignite the fuel-air mixture, while diesel engines rely on the heat generated by compressing air to ignite the fuel.

• Petrol engines typically have higher RPMs and power outputs compared to diesel engines.

• Diesel engines are more fuel efficient and have higher torque at lower RPMs compared to petrol engines.

• Petrol engines are more common in passenger cars, while die...read more

Piston rings are crucial components in internal combustion engines that prevent oil and fuel from leaking into the combustion chamber.

• Piston rings create a seal between the piston and cylinder wall, allowing the engine to build compression and power.

• They also help regulate oil consumption and prevent excessive oil from entering the combustion chamber.

• Piston rings can wear out over time, leading to decreased engine performance and increased oil consumption.

• Different types of p...read more

A carburettor is a device in an internal combustion engine that mixes air with a fine spray of liquid fuel.

• Device in internal combustion engines

• Mixes air with liquid fuel

• Controls the air-fuel mixture for combustion

• Commonly found in older vehicles

Deadlock is a situation in which two or more competing actions are each waiting for the other to finish, preventing any of them from progressing.

• Occurs in concurrent programming when two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other to release a resource

• Can happen in database systems when two transactions are each waiting for a resource locked by the other

• Commonly seen in multi-threaded applications where threads are waiting for each other to r...read more

An AVL tree is a self-balancing binary search tree where the heights of the two child subtrees of any node differ by at most one.

• AVL tree was named after its inventors Adelson-Velsky and Landis.

• Insertions and deletions in AVL trees are performed to maintain the balance factor of each node.

• AVL trees are commonly used in database indexing and in-memory database systems.

FTO searches are Freedom to Operate searches conducted to assess potential patent infringement risks before launching a new product or service.

• FTO searches involve analyzing existing patents to determine if there are any potential infringement risks for a new product or service.

• They help clients understand the competitive landscape and make informed decisions about launching their products or services.

• FTO searches can also identify opportunities for licensing or acquisition o...read more

Natural Language Processing

• Developing chatbots using NLP techniques

• Sentiment analysis of customer reviews

• Text classification for news articles

• Named entity recognition for medical records

I utilize a combination of keyword searches, classification searches, and citation searches to find relevant patents.

• Utilize keyword searches to identify patents related to specific technologies or industries

• Use classification searches to narrow down results based on specific patent classifications

• Conduct citation searches to find patents that have been cited by other patents, indicating their relevance and importance

• Combine different search strategies to ensure comprehensive...read more

Different types of life cycles include linear, circular, and spiral.

• Linear life cycle: Progresses in a straight line from start to finish, with no repeating stages. Example: human life cycle.

• Circular life cycle: Repeats the same stages in a continuous loop. Example: water cycle.

• Spiral life cycle: Combines elements of linear and circular life cycles, with some stages repeating while others progress forward. Example: butterfly life cycle.

A PID controller is a type of control loop feedback mechanism used in systems to control the output based on the difference between the desired setpoint and the actual process variable.

• PID stands for Proportional-Integral-Derivative, which are the three terms used to describe the controller's actions.

• The proportional term responds to the current error, the integral term responds to the accumulation of past errors, and the derivative term responds to the rate of change of the ...read more

An alternator produces alternating current (AC) while a generator produces direct current (DC).

• Alternators are commonly used in modern vehicles to charge the battery and power the electrical system.

• Generators are often used in backup power systems or portable power sources.

• Alternators have a higher efficiency and are more reliable compared to generators.

• Generators require a commutator to convert the AC output to DC, while alternators do not.

• Examples: Car alternator, diesel ge...read more

Reverse a singly linked list and return the reversed list.

• Iterate through the linked list and reverse the pointers to point to the previous node instead of the next node.

• Use three pointers to keep track of the current, previous, and next nodes while reversing the list.

• Update the head of the list to be the last node after reversing.

Patent analysis involves evaluating the scope, strength, and potential value of a patent.

• Identifying key features and claims of a patent

• Assessing the novelty and inventiveness of the patent

• Comparing the patent with existing patents in the same field

• Determining potential market value and commercialization opportunities

• Helping companies make informed decisions regarding patent acquisition or licensing

The Two Sum problem involves finding two numbers in an array that add up to a given target value.

• Iterate through the array and store the difference between the target and current element in a hashmap

• Check if the current element exists in the hashmap, if yes return the indices

• Time complexity can be reduced to O(n) using a hashmap