30+ Valenta AI Private Limited Interview Questions and Answers

In such cases, it is important to analyze the issue thoroughly on the production server and implement a fix cautiously.

• First, analyze the logs and error messages on the production server to understand the root cause of the issue.

• Check for any recent changes or updates that might have caused the problem.

• If possible, try to replicate the issue in a controlled environment like staging or local to further investigate.

• Consult with team members or experts to brainstorm possible sol...read more

To write a custom authentication & middleware in Laravel, you can create a custom guard and middleware classes.

• Create a custom guard by extending the 'Illuminate\Auth\Guard' class and implementing the necessary methods like 'validate' and 'user'.

• Register the custom guard in the 'auth.php' configuration file.

• Create a custom middleware by extending the 'Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authenticate' class and implementing the 'handle' method.

• Register the custom middleware in the 'app...read more

Use Laravel's Eloquent ORM with chunking and eager loading for optimized fetching of 5 million records from 3 tables in a single DB.

• Use Laravel's Eloquent ORM to fetch records efficiently

• Use chunking to process large datasets in smaller, manageable chunks

• Utilize eager loading to reduce the number of queries executed

Use the migrate:rollback command with --step option to rollback to a specific version in Laravel migration.

• Use php artisan migrate:rollback --step=n command to rollback n number of migrations.

• Specify the number of migrations to rollback to a specific version.

• For example, php artisan migrate:rollback --step=3 will rollback the last 3 migrations.

Laravel uses a unique session identifier to find a specific session for each user.

• Laravel generates a unique session ID for each user upon login

• The session ID is stored in a cookie on the user's browser

• Laravel uses the session ID to retrieve the user's session data from the server

To send asynchronous notifications in Laravel, use queues to handle background processing.

• Use Laravel's built-in queue system to send notifications asynchronously.

• Define a notification class and use the ShouldQueue interface to indicate that the notification should be sent asynchronously.

• Dispatch the notification using the queue driver of your choice (e.g. database, Redis, Amazon SQS).

Custom requests with validations in Laravel can be handled using Form Requests.

• Create a new Form Request using artisan command: php artisan make:request CustomRequest

• Define validation rules in the authorize() and rules() methods of the CustomRequest class

• Inject the CustomRequest class into your controller method to automatically validate the incoming request

Indexing in DB tables improves query performance by allowing the database to quickly locate specific rows.

• Indexes help in speeding up data retrieval operations by providing quick access to rows based on the indexed columns.

• They reduce the number of disk I/O operations required to fetch data, resulting in faster query execution.

• Indexes can also enforce uniqueness constraints and improve the efficiency of joins between tables.

• Examples: Creating an index on a 'user_id' column in...read more

The 'Key' directive in Vue is used to uniquely identify elements in a list to improve performance and prevent re-rendering.

• Helps Vue efficiently update the DOM by reusing existing elements instead of creating new ones

• Prevents unnecessary re-rendering of elements in a list when their order changes

• Improves performance by allowing Vue to track and update specific elements based on their keys

• Example:

  {{ item.name }}

The composer.lock file is used to lock the exact versions of dependencies in a project to ensure consistent builds.

• Prevents different versions of dependencies from being installed on different machines

• Ensures that all developers are using the same versions of dependencies

• Helps in maintaining consistency and stability of the project

Sessions store data on the server side, while cookies store data on the client side.

• Sessions store data on the server side, while cookies store data on the client side.

• Sessions are more secure as the data is stored on the server and not accessible by the client.

• Cookies are limited in size (4KB) and can be disabled by the client, while sessions have no such limitations.

Laravel Notifications allow you to send notifications across multiple channels. Different types of mailers in Laravel include SMTP, Mailgun, and Sendmail.

• Laravel Notifications can be sent through email, SMS, Slack, and more

• SMTP mailer is commonly used for sending emails in Laravel

• Mailgun is a popular mailer service that can be integrated with Laravel for sending emails

• Sendmail is another option for sending emails in Laravel

To write a unit test in Laravel #8, use PHPUnit and create test classes that extend the TestCase class.

• Create a new test class in the 'tests' directory.

• Extend the class with PHPUnit's TestCase class.

• Write test methods within the class to test specific functionality.

• Use assertions provided by PHPUnit to check if the code behaves as expected.

• Run the tests using the 'php artisan test' command.

Laravel Queue is a feature that allows you to delay the execution of a time-consuming task, improving application performance.

• Queues help in offloading time-consuming tasks to be processed in the background

• Tasks are added to the queue and processed by workers asynchronously

• Laravel provides drivers like Redis, Beanstalkd, and Amazon SQS for queue management

Using 'Scope' in style allows us to apply styles to specific elements within a component.

• Scope in style allows us to target specific elements within a component without affecting others

• It helps in organizing and managing styles more efficiently

• Scope can be used to prevent styles from leaking out of a component

Polymorphism in Laravel relationships allows a model to belong to multiple other models.

• Polymorphic relationships allow a model to belong to multiple other models.

• It is useful when a model can belong to more than one other model.

• For example, a Comment model can belong to either a Post or a Video model.

Vue 3 is the latest version of Vue.js with improved performance, new features, and better TypeScript support.

• Vue 3 uses a new reactivity system called the Composition API, which offers more flexibility and better organization of code compared to Vue 2's Options API.

• Vue 3 introduces a new compiler that generates optimized code for better performance.

• Vue 3 provides better TypeScript support with improved type inference and better integration with TypeScript.

• Vue 3 has a smaller ...read more

Options API is more verbose and flexible, while Composition API is more organized and reusable.

• Options API allows defining component options in separate sections like data, methods, computed, etc.

• Composition API allows organizing code based on logic and reusability with setup() function.

• Options API is suitable for smaller projects or when starting with Vue, while Composition API is recommended for larger projects or complex logic.

• Composition API promotes better code organizat...read more

To upgrade Laravel, you need to follow the official documentation and use Composer to update dependencies.

• Check the Laravel documentation for the specific version you are upgrading to

• Update your composer.json file with the new Laravel version

• Run 'composer update' command in your terminal to update dependencies

• Check for any deprecated features or changes in the new version and make necessary adjustments

The 'env' function in Vue is used to access environment variables in your application.

• Use process.env to access environment variables in Vue components

• Environment variables can be set in a .env file at the root of your project

• Remember to restart your development server after adding or changing environment variables

Software testing is the process of evaluating a software application to ensure it meets the specified requirements and functions correctly.

• Software testing is essential for identifying defects and ensuring the quality of the software.

• It involves executing test cases, comparing actual results with expected results, and reporting any discrepancies.

• Different types of testing include functional testing, performance testing, security testing, etc.

• Examples of software testing tools...read more

Software testing is necessary to ensure the quality, reliability, and functionality of software.

• Identify and fix bugs or defects in the software

• Ensure the software meets the specified requirements

• Validate the software's functionality and performance

• Enhance user experience by identifying and resolving usability issues

• Increase software reliability and reduce the risk of failures

• Ensure compatibility with different platforms, devices, and environments

• Verify security measures and ...read more

Verification ensures that the software meets the specified requirements, while validation ensures that the software meets the customer's needs.

• Verification is a process of evaluating the software at various stages to ensure that it meets the specified requirements.

• Validation is a process of evaluating the software at the end of the development process to ensure that it meets the customer's needs.

• Verification is a static process that involves reviews, walkthroughs, and inspect...read more

SDLC is the process of developing software, while STLC is the process of testing software.

• SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) is a framework that outlines the steps involved in developing software.

• The stages in SDLC include requirements gathering, design, coding, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

• STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle) is a subset of SDLC that focuses on testing activities.

• The stages in STLC include test planning, test design, test execution, and test closur...read more

Test cases should be written with clear objectives and steps to ensure software functionality and quality.

• Identify the objective of the test case

• Define the steps to execute the test case

• Include expected results and actual results

• Ensure test cases cover all possible scenarios

• Use a consistent format for test case documentation

Test scenarios for Gmail login page.

• Verify successful login with valid credentials

• Verify error message for invalid email or password

• Verify error message for empty email or password fields

• Verify forgot password functionality

• Verify login page UI elements

Boundary value analysis is a testing technique that focuses on testing the boundaries of input values.

• It involves testing values at the upper and lower limits of valid input ranges

• It also tests values just outside of those ranges

• For example, if a system accepts values between 1 and 100, boundary value analysis would test values like 0, 1, 2, 99, 100, and 101

QA is the process of ensuring quality in the software development process, while QC is the process of ensuring quality in the final product.

• QA focuses on preventing defects, while QC focuses on identifying and fixing defects

• QA is a proactive process, while QC is a reactive process

• QA involves reviews, inspections, and testing of processes, while QC involves testing of the final product

• QA is a continuous process, while QC is a one-time process

• Example: QA involves ensuring that ...read more

Execute project in agile mode with fixed price by prioritizing features, collaborating closely with stakeholders, and adjusting scope as needed.

• Prioritize features based on value to the customer

• Collaborate closely with stakeholders to ensure alignment on project goals and priorities

• Adjust scope as needed to deliver the most valuable features within the fixed price

• Use iterative development and frequent feedback to make course corrections as necessary

JavaScript is a dynamically typed language, while TypeScript is a statically typed superset of JavaScript.

• JavaScript is dynamically typed, meaning variable types are determined at runtime.

• TypeScript is statically typed, allowing for type checking at compile time.

• TypeScript supports features like interfaces, enums, and type annotations that are not present in JavaScript.

• TypeScript code needs to be transpiled to JavaScript before it can be executed in a browser.

Some latest trends in technologies include artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and edge computing.

• Artificial intelligence (AI) is being used in various industries for automation and decision-making processes.

• Machine learning algorithms are becoming more advanced and are being used for predictive analytics and data processing.

• Blockchain technology is being implemented in areas such as supply chain management, finance, and healthcare...read more

let is block scoped and var is function scoped in JavaScript.

• let was introduced in ES6 while var has been around since the beginning of JavaScript.

• Variables declared with let are only accessible within the block they are declared in.

• Variables declared with var are accessible within the function they are declared in.

• Using let can help prevent variable hoisting issues.

• let is preferred over var for variable declaration in modern JavaScript.

Inheritance is a concept in object-oriented programming where a class inherits properties and behaviors from another class.

• Inheritance allows a class to reuse code from another class, promoting code reusability and reducing redundancy.

• The class that is being inherited from is called the parent class or superclass, while the class that inherits is called the child class or subclass.

• Child classes can add new properties and methods, or override existing ones from the parent clas...read more

Developed a web-based student management system using Java and MySQL

• Implemented user authentication and authorization functionalities

• Designed database schema to store student information

• Utilized Java Servlets for server-side logic

• Used HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for front-end development

Oops concepts refer to Object-Oriented Programming principles such as Inheritance, Encapsulation, Polymorphism, and Abstraction.

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different data types.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features.