Citicorp Interview Questions and Answers

Abstract classes and interfaces are used in object-oriented programming to define common behaviors and characteristics for classes.

• Abstract classes can have both abstract and concrete methods, while interfaces can only have abstract methods.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces, but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Abstract classes can have constructors, while interfaces cannot.

• Abstract classes can have member variables, while interfaces cannot.

• Example: Abstract c...read more

JMM stands for Java Memory Management, which is responsible for managing memory allocation and deallocation in Java programs.

• JMM ensures that objects are allocated and deallocated properly in Java programs.

• It includes features like garbage collection to reclaim memory from unused objects.

• JMM helps prevent memory leaks and optimize memory usage in Java applications.

Exception handling in Java is a mechanism to handle runtime errors and prevent program crashes.

• Java uses try-catch blocks to handle exceptions.

• Exceptions can be caught and handled using catch blocks.

• The finally block is used to execute code regardless of whether an exception is thrown or not.

• Java provides predefined exception classes like NullPointerException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, etc.

• Custom exceptions can be created by extending the Exception class.

JVM is Java Virtual Machine, JRE is Java Runtime Environment, JDK is Java Development Kit.

• JVM is an abstract machine that provides a runtime environment in which Java bytecode can be executed.

• JRE includes JVM, libraries, and other necessary components to run Java applications.

• JDK is a software development kit that includes JRE, compiler, debugger, and other tools for developing Java applications.

void in Java is a keyword used to indicate that a method does not return any value.

• Void is used as the return type of a method that does not return any value.

• It is used to define methods that perform actions without returning a value.

• Example: public void printMessage() { System.out.println("Hello!"); }

Transformer architecture is a type of deep learning model that utilizes self-attention mechanism for processing sequential data.

• Utilizes self-attention mechanism to weigh the importance of different input elements

• Consists of encoder and decoder layers for processing input and generating output

• Introduced in the paper 'Attention is All You Need' by Vaswani et al. in 2017