Orange Business Security Consultant Interview Questions and Answers

DHCP is a network protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. DORA process involves Discover, Offer, Request, and Acknowledge stages.

• DHCP Discover: Client broadcasts a request for IP address

• DHCP Offer: Server responds with an available IP address

• DHCP Request: Client requests the offered IP address

• DHCP Acknowledge: Server confirms the IP address assignment

A personal computer communicates with a web application through a series of steps involving network protocols.

• The computer sends a request to the web application's server using the HTTP protocol.

• The server processes the request and sends back a response containing the requested information.

• The communication is facilitated by the TCP/IP protocol stack.

• Data is transmitted over the internet using IP addresses and domain n...read more

SSL handshake is a process where a client and server establish a secure connection by exchanging encryption keys and verifying identities.

• Client sends a hello message to server with supported encryption algorithms

• Server responds with its own hello message, including its certificate

• Client verifies server's certificate and generates a pre-master secret

• Both client and server use the pre-master secret to generate a unique ...read more

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is a protocol used for mapping an IP address to a MAC address.

• ARP is used to resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses on a local network.

• There are two main types of ARP: ARP Request and ARP Reply.

• ARP Request is sent by a device to find the MAC address of another device with a known IP address.

• ARP Reply is sent in response to an ARP Request, providing the MAC address of the requested IP ad

3 way hand shaking is a process in TCP/IP communication where three packets are exchanged to establish a connection.

• Three packets are involved: SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK

• SYN packet is sent by the client to the server to initiate the connection

• SYN-ACK packet is sent by the server to the client as a response

• ACK packet is sent by the client to the server to confirm the connection

The OSI Model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven layers.

• The OSI Model stands for Open Systems Interconnection Model.

• It helps in understanding how data is transferred between devices in a network.

• Each layer has specific functions and communicates with the adjacent layers.

• Examples of layers include Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Sessio

TCP is connection-oriented, reliable, and slower, while UDP is connectionless, unreliable, and faster.

• TCP is connection-oriented, meaning it establishes a connection before sending data, while UDP is connectionless.

• TCP is reliable as it ensures all data is received in order and without errors, while UDP does not guarantee delivery.

• TCP is slower due to the overhead of establishing and maintaining connections, while UDP ...read more

A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

• Acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external network

• Filters traffic based on rules set by the network administrator

• Can be hardware-based or software-based

• Examples include Cisco ASA, Palo Alto Networks, and pfSense

Prioritizing and remediating vulnerabilities using OWASP Top 10

• Start by identifying the vulnerabilities that pose the highest risk to the organization

• Use the OWASP Top 10 as a guide to prioritize vulnerabilities

• Consider the likelihood and potential impact of each vulnerability

• Remediate vulnerabilities based on their priority level

• Perform regular vulnerability assessments to stay up-to-date on new vulnerabilities

• Example...read more

I am a dedicated Security Analyst with a strong background in cybersecurity and risk management.

• Experienced in conducting security assessments and identifying vulnerabilities

• Skilled in implementing security measures to protect against cyber threats

• Proficient in analyzing security incidents and responding effectively

• Certified in relevant security certifications such as CISSP or CISM

Malware refers to malicious software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system.

• Viruses: self-replicating programs that infect other files on a computer

• Worms: standalone malware that spreads across networks

• Trojans: disguised as legitimate software to trick users into installing them

• Ransomware: encrypts files and demands payment for decryption

• Spyware: secretly gathers information about...read more

The first step would be to isolate the infected machine from the network to prevent further spread of the infection.

• Isolate the infected machine from the network to prevent further spread of the infection

• Identify the type of malware or virus that has infected the machine

• Run a full system scan using antivirus software to detect and remove the malware

• Update the operating system and all software to patch any vulnerabiliti...read more

TCP IP Header contains information such as source and destination IP addresses, port numbers, sequence numbers, and more.

• Source IP address

• Destination IP address

• Source port number

• Destination port number

• Sequence number

• Acknowledgment number

• Header length

• Checksum

App ID in Palo Alto Firewalls is a feature that identifies applications on the network based on various parameters.

• App ID uses multiple methods to identify applications, including port-based, protocol-based, and application signature-based identification.

• It allows administrators to create policies based on specific applications rather than just ports or protocols.

• App ID helps in enhancing security by allowing granular ...read more

SP3 Architecture of Palo Alto Firewalls refers to Security Processing Plane, Control Plane, and Data Plane.

• SP3 Architecture consists of Security Processing Plane (SP), Control Plane (C), and Data Plane (D)

• Security Processing Plane (SP) handles security functions like threat prevention and decryption

• Control Plane (C) manages routing and firewall policies

• Data Plane (D) processes and forwards traffic based on firewall pol...read more

Types of ARP include ARP request, ARP reply, ARP probe, and ARP announcement.

• ARP request is used to find the MAC address of a device on the network.

• ARP reply is the response to an ARP request, providing the MAC address of the target device.

• ARP probe is used to check if an IP address is already in use on the network.

• ARP announcement is used to inform other devices on the network about a change in MAC address.