Novartis Statistical Programmer 1 Interview Questions and Answers

The main difference between 'where' and 'if' is that 'where' is used for filtering data in SQL queries, while 'if' is used for conditional statements in programming languages.

• WHERE clause is used in SQL to filter rows based on a specified condition, while IF statement is used in programming languages to execute a block of code based on a condition.

• WHERE clause is used with SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE statements in SQL, whil...read more

Sum is a function that calculates the total of a set of numbers, while + is an operator that adds two numbers together.

• Sum is a built-in function in many programming languages that calculates the total of a set of numbers.

• + is an operator used to add two numbers together in mathematical operations.

• Example: sum(1, 2, 3) = 6, 1 + 2 = 3

Proc transpose is a SAS procedure used to restructure data from a long format to a wide format.

• Proc transpose is used to pivot data from rows to columns or vice versa.

• The BY statement in proc transpose is used to specify one or more variables that define groups in the input data.

• The BY statement is optional and is used to create separate output datasets for each BY group.

• Example: proc transpose data=input_data out=outp...read more

The argument used to modify variables in proc report is 'define'.

• Use the 'define' statement in proc report to modify variables.

• The 'define' statement allows you to customize the appearance and behavior of variables in the report.

• You can use options like 'format', 'order', 'width', 'style', etc. within the 'define' statement.

• Example: define age / display format=comma10. order=data;

• Example: define gender / display style(

Data step is used to read, manipulate, and create datasets in SAS. Proc step is used to analyze and report on datasets.

• Data step is used to read data from external sources, manipulate data, and create new datasets.

• Proc step is used to analyze and report on datasets created in the data step.

• Data step uses statements like SET, MERGE, IF-THEN, and OUTPUT to manipulate data.

• Proc step uses procedures like PROC MEANS, PROC F...read more