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I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed in Sep 2022. There were 3 interview rounds.
Logical reasoning, data interpretation, quant, English grammer, puzzle, some finance based questions like exdividend date record date etc , some formulas of excel
Futures and forwards are financial contracts that allow parties to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price and date in the future.
Futures are standardized contracts traded on exchanges, while forwards are customized contracts traded over-the-counter.
Both futures and forwards are used for hedging or speculation.
Example: A farmer can use a futures contract to lock in a price for their crops before harvest.
Example: ...
Options are financial contracts that give the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price.
Call option: gives the buyer the right to buy an underlying asset at a predetermined price within a specified time period
Put option: gives the buyer the right to sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price within a specified time period
American option: can be exercised...
A pivot table is a data summarization tool used in spreadsheet programs.
It allows users to group and summarize large amounts of data in a concise, tabular format.
Users can easily manipulate the data by dragging and dropping fields into different areas of the table.
Pivot tables are commonly used in data analysis and business intelligence to identify trends and patterns.
For example, a sales team might use a pivot table t...
Option chain is a list of all available options for a particular stock or index, showing their strike prices and expiration dates.
Option chain helps traders to analyze and compare different options available for a stock or index.
It includes information such as the option's strike price, expiration date, and implied volatility.
Option chain can be used to identify potential trading opportunities and to manage risk.
For ex...
LIBOR and MIBOR are benchmark interest rates used in financial markets.
LIBOR stands for London Interbank Offered Rate and is the average interest rate at which major banks in London lend to each other.
MIBOR stands for Mumbai Interbank Offered Rate and is the interest rate at which banks in Mumbai lend to each other.
Both rates are used as benchmarks for various financial products such as loans, mortgages, and derivative...
Credit default swaps are financial contracts that allow investors to protect themselves against the risk of default on a debt instrument.
Credit default swaps are essentially insurance policies on debt instruments.
They allow investors to transfer the risk of default to another party.
The buyer of a credit default swap pays a premium to the seller, who agrees to pay out in the event of a default.
Credit default swaps playe
Option swap is a financial derivative that involves exchanging one set of options for another.
Option swap is also known as a cross-option swap.
It involves two parties exchanging options on the same underlying asset.
The options being exchanged can have different strike prices, expiration dates, or other terms.
Option swaps are often used to manage risk or to take advantage of market conditions.
For example, an investor mi...
VLOOKUP searches for a value in the first column of a table and returns a corresponding value in the same row. HLOOKUP does the same horizontally.
VLOOKUP: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])
HLOOKUP: =HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, [range_lookup])
lookup_value: the value to search for in the first row or column of the table
table_array: the range of cells that contains the...
I am looking for a job role as a Product Analyst.
I have a strong background in data analysis and product management.
I am skilled in conducting market research and identifying customer needs.
I have experience in analyzing product performance and making data-driven recommendations.
I am proficient in using analytical tools and software such as Excel, SQL, and Tableau.
I am a detail-oriented and strategic thinker, capable o
I am a dedicated and detail-oriented analyst with a strong background in data analysis and problem-solving.
I have a Bachelor's degree in Statistics and have completed multiple data analysis projects during my studies.
I am proficient in using statistical software such as R and Python for data analysis.
I have experience in conducting market research and creating reports to help businesses make informed decisions.
I am a q...
Cash flow, profit and loss, and balance sheet are interconnected financial statements that provide a comprehensive view of a company's financial health.
Cash flow statement shows how changes in balance sheet and income statement affect cash and cash equivalents.
Profit and loss statement shows the company's revenues, expenses, and profits over a specific period.
Balance sheet provides a snapshot of a company's financial p...
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed in Aug 2024. There were 2 interview rounds.
Basic quants, accounting and general ability
EPS stands for earnings per share, which is a company's profit divided by the number of outstanding shares. Diluted equity refers to the total value of a company's shares if all potential shares were converted into common stock.
EPS is calculated by dividing a company's net income by the number of outstanding shares.
Diluted equity takes into account potential shares that could be converted into common stock, such as sto...
Enterprise value is a measure of a company's total value, taking into account its market capitalization, debt, and cash.
Enterprise value = Market capitalization + Total debt - Cash and cash equivalents
It represents the total value of a company that would need to be paid by an acquirer in a takeover
EV is used to compare companies with different capital structures or levels of debt
It is a more comprehensive measure than
FCFF is the cash flow available to all providers of capital, while FCFE is the cash flow available to equity shareholders.
FCFF includes debt and equity holders, while FCFE only includes equity holders.
FCFF is used to value the firm as a whole, while FCFE is used to value equity.
FCFF is calculated as EBIT(1-Tax Rate) + Depreciation - Capex - Change in Working Capital, while FCFE is calculated as FCFF - Interest(1-Tax Ra...
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed in Dec 2023. There was 1 interview round.
The 3 financial statements are the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement.
Income statement shows a company's revenues and expenses over a period of time.
Balance sheet provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time.
Cash flow statement shows how changes in balance sheet and income statement affect cash and cash equivalents.
Types of depreciation include straight-line, double declining balance, units of production, and sum-of-the-years-digits.
Straight-line depreciation: Allocates an equal amount of depreciation expense each year.
Double declining balance: Accelerates depreciation by applying a fixed rate to the book value of the asset.
Units of production: Depreciation is based on the actual usage or production of the asset.
Sum-of-the-years-...
Balance sheet components include assets, liabilities, and equity.
Assets: Resources owned by the company such as cash, inventory, and property.
Liabilities: Debts and obligations owed by the company such as loans and accounts payable.
Equity: Represents the owner's stake in the company's assets after deducting liabilities.
Balance sheet equation: Assets = Liabilities + Equity.
I applied via Walk-in and was interviewed before Jun 2023. There was 1 interview round.
Morgan Stanley is a top-tier investment bank with a strong reputation for innovation and excellence.
Morgan Stanley has a long history of success in the financial industry
The company is known for its innovative approach to investment banking
Morgan Stanley has a strong reputation for excellence in research and analysis
The firm offers a wide range of services to clients, including wealth management and investment banking
M...
Tower and Morgan Stanley are both financial services companies.
Tower is a global investment management firm with over $1 trillion in assets under management.
Morgan Stanley is a multinational investment bank and financial services company.
Both companies offer a range of financial services including wealth management, investment banking, and asset management.
Tower is known for its focus on sustainable investing, while Mo...
The job profile offered is for an analyst position. A PhD is not required for this role.
The job involves analyzing data and providing insights to clients
A PhD is not necessary as the role focuses more on practical application of analytical skills
The job may require a bachelor's or master's degree in a related field
Examples of job responsibilities may include data collection, statistical analysis, and report writing
Innovations to minimize cost of pen
Use recycled materials for pen body and ink
Simplify design to reduce production costs
Implement refillable ink cartridges to reduce waste and cost
Partner with companies for bulk purchasing of materials
Automate production process to reduce labor costs
Prove N>=N^.5+N^(1/3)+N^(1/4) for N>=a
Use AM-GM inequality
Substitute N with a and prove the inequality holds
Use calculus to find the minimum value of the expression
Finding the probability distribution for the minimum of two random variables with given distributions.
Use the formula P(min(x,y)>z) = P(x>z)P(y>z)
Integrate over the range of z to get the distribution of min(x,y)
Final distribution is 2ke^(-kx)ue^(-ux)exp(-uz)
Given prob. p of dying out and prob. (1-p) of spawning into 2, find prob. of dying out starting from 1 organism.
Use probability tree to visualize outcomes
Probability of dying out starting from 1 is p + (1-p) * (probability of dying out starting from 2)^2
Solve recursively to get final answer
Probability of a rectangle being inside a unit circle with p chosen uniformly on the circle and q inside the circle.
The probability can be found by calculating the ratio of the area of the rectangle to the area of the circle.
The area of the circle is pi and the area of the rectangle can be found using the distance between p and q.
The probability is 1/4.
Example: If the distance between p and q is 0.5, then the area of t...
Find local minima of an array in o(log n) in functional programming.
Use binary search to find the local minima.
Check if the mid element is a local minima, if not, move towards the lower side.
If the mid element is greater than its left element, move towards the left side, else move towards the right side.
Repeat until a local minima is found.
Example: [5, 3, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9] -> local minima is 2.
Code to sort a list without pipes
Use a sorting algorithm like bubble sort, insertion sort, or selection sort
Implement the algorithm in the programming language of your choice
Test the code with different input sizes and types
To find an even length palindrome in a string in O(n), we can use the two-pointer approach.
Initialize two pointers at the center of the string.
Expand the pointers outwards while checking if the characters at both pointers are equal.
If they are not equal, return the previous substring as the even length palindrome.
If the pointers reach the end of the string, return the entire string as the even length palindrome.
Possible values of determinant of matrix A given Avi=Vj for n linear vectors
The possible values of |A| are non-zero as the given vectors are linearly independent
The value of |A| can be calculated using the formula |A| = (-1)^n * det(A)
If the given vectors are orthogonal, then |A| is the product of the magnitudes of the vectors
A and B play a game with unfair coin. A wins if # of heads > #tails +1 at any point. Find prob. of A winning.
The game is played with an unfair coin with P[Heads]=p
A wins if # of heads > #tails +1 at any point
Find the probability of A winning
Find two elements in a sorted array that add up to a given sum in linear time.
Use two pointers, one at the beginning and one at the end of the array.
If the sum of the two pointers is greater than the target, move the right pointer to the left.
If the sum of the two pointers is less than the target, move the left pointer to the right.
Repeat until the sum is found or the pointers meet.
Example: Given [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] and ta
The probability of element at 20th position landing up at 31st position after the first iteration.
The probability depends on the size of the dataset and the algorithm used for iteration.
If the algorithm involves swapping adjacent elements, the probability is higher.
If the dataset is sorted in a way that the element at 20th position is adjacent to the element at 31st position, the probability is 1.
The probability can be...
Expected number of collisions between randomly moving ants on a rod after 30 seconds.
Calculate the probability of two ants colliding at any given time.
Use the formula for expected value to find the expected number of collisions.
Assume that the ants are point masses and collisions are perfectly elastic.
Consider the possibility of multiple ants colliding at the same time.
Simulation can also be used to estimate the expect
Counting permutations where numbers between u and i+1 are less than i for all i in the permutation.
The first number in the permutation must be 1.
For each i in the permutation, all numbers between u and i+1 must be less than i.
Use dynamic programming to count the number of valid permutations.
The answer is (n-1)th Catalan number.
Example: for n=4, the answer is 5.
Finding f(n) for a normal standard distribution with a given constant k.
Calculate the product of probability density function and cumulative distribution function.
Integrate the product of f(x) and F(kx) from -inf to +inf.
The value of k is a constant greater than 0.
Number of inversions in an array in O(nlogn) time.
Use merge sort algorithm to count inversions
Divide the array into two halves and recursively count inversions
Merge the two halves and count split inversions
Time complexity is O(nlogn)
I applied via Referral
based on 1 interview
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