10+ Kumaran Systems Interview Questions and Answers

Kubernetes core components include Pods, Nodes, Services, Deployments, and ConfigMaps.

• Pods: Smallest deployable units in Kubernetes, can contain one or more containers.

• Nodes: Individual machines in a Kubernetes cluster where Pods are deployed.

• Services: Abstraction that defines a logical set of Pods and a policy by which to access them.

• Deployments: Manages the deployment and scaling of a set of Pods.

• ConfigMaps: Decouples configuration artifacts from image content to keep conta...read more

Individual components of a Kubernetes cluster have different functionalities such as scheduling, networking, storage, and monitoring.

• Kubelet: Responsible for communication between the master node and worker nodes, managing containers on the node.

• Kube-proxy: Manages network routing for services within the cluster.

• Kube-controller-manager: Ensures that the desired state of the cluster matches the actual state.

• Etcd: Key-value store for storing cluster data.

• Kube-scheduler: Assigns...read more

HPA is Horizontal Pod Autoscaler for scaling pods based on CPU utilization, while VPA is Vertical Pod Autoscaler for adjusting resource requests based on resource usage.

• HPA scales the number of pods in a deployment based on CPU utilization, ensuring optimal performance and resource utilization.

• VPA adjusts the resource requests of pods based on resource usage, allowing for efficient resource allocation within a cluster.

• HPA is suitable for applications with varying traffic patt...read more

In case the master goes down in a Kubernetes cluster, the deployed workload continues to run as the worker nodes are still operational.

• The worker nodes in the Kubernetes cluster continue to operate and manage the deployed workload even if the master node goes down.

• The worker nodes are responsible for running the containers and maintaining the desired state of the cluster.

• The master node being down may affect the ability to make changes or updates to the cluster, but the exist...read more

Scaling applications in Kubernetes involves horizontal scaling, using tools like HPA and cluster autoscaler.

• Use Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) to automatically adjust the number of pods based on CPU or memory usage.

• Implement Cluster Autoscaler to dynamically adjust the size of the Kubernetes cluster based on resource demands.

• Utilize Kubernetes StatefulSets for stateful applications that require scaling with stable network identifiers.

• Consider using Kubernetes Jobs for batch ...read more

Perform mathematical operations on 100 using given functions.

• The given functions are add20, multiply30, divide10, and subtract10.

• Start with 100 and apply the functions in the given order.

• The result will be ((100 - 10) * 30) / 10 + 20 = 290.

Linux file system folders and their roles

• The / directory is the root directory

• The /bin directory contains essential command binaries

• The /etc directory contains configuration files

• The /home directory contains home directories for users

• The /lib directory contains shared library files

• The /tmp directory contains temporary files

• The /usr directory contains user binaries, libraries, documentation, and source-code

• The /var directory contains variable data files

Reverse the whole string with spaces remaining in the same place

• Iterate through the string and reverse each word individually

• Keep track of spaces and add them back in the reversed string

• Join the reversed words together to form the final reversed string

The polyfill for group method of Array is not available in ES6, but can be implemented using reduce method.

• The group method is used to group the elements of an array based on a given key.

• The reduce method can be used to implement the group method by iterating over the array and creating a new object with keys as the group values and values as the array of elements belonging to that group.

• The polyfill can be written as a function and added to the Array prototype to make it ava...read more

Yes, Postman supports data driven testing through the use of variables and data files.

• Postman allows users to define variables and use them in requests for data driven testing.

• Data files such as CSV or JSON can be imported into Postman to drive test data.

• Iterations can be set up in Postman to run tests with different data sets.

Convert Roman numeral to decimal number

• Create a dictionary mapping each Roman numeral to its corresponding decimal value

• Iterate through the Roman numeral from left to right

• If the current numeral is smaller than the next numeral, subtract its value from the total

• Otherwise, add its value to the total