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20+ Civiltech Surveys Interview Questions and Answers

Updated 24 Jan 2025

Q1. What is an IP Address and of how many bits ?

Ans.

An IP address is a unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network. It consists of 32 bits.

  • IP address is used to identify and locate devices on a network.

  • It is composed of four sets of numbers separated by periods.

  • Each set can range from 0 to 255, representing 8 bits.

  • Example: 192.168.0.1

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Q2. Are you Interested For This Job? Which languages are you know in software?

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Q3. Let suppose there is a large file of about 1PB ( = 1000TB ) and you want to read it using 4 threads. How it these threads would work. I said about Sync but he asked in a bit details

Ans.

The 1PB file can be read using 4 threads by dividing the file into smaller chunks and assigning each thread to read a chunk.

  • Divide the file into smaller chunks of equal size.

  • Assign each thread to read a specific chunk of the file.

  • Ensure synchronization between the threads to avoid conflicts.

  • Combine the data read by each thread to obtain the complete file content.

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Q4. are you comfortable with php ? ( after yes ) $a = 2; if( $a = 3 ) echo “Hello”; else echo “False”; Output ?

Ans.

The output will be 'Hello'.

  • The code assigns the value 3 to the variable $a using the assignment operator (=).

  • The if statement checks if the value of $a is truthy (non-zero, non-null).

  • Since 3 is truthy, the condition evaluates to true and 'Hello' is echoed.

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Q5. How HTTP request transfers form Client to Server ? What are the headers associated with it ?

Ans.

HTTP request transfers data from client to server using headers.

  • HTTP request is sent from the client to the server using the HTTP protocol.

  • The request consists of a request line, headers, and an optional message body.

  • Headers provide additional information about the request, such as the content type, cookies, authentication, etc.

  • Some common headers include 'Content-Type', 'User-Agent', 'Authorization', 'Cookie', etc.

  • Headers are key-value pairs separated by a colon, and each he...read more

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Q6. What is MVC framework ? Tell me about it’s workflow ? ( Resume Question )

Ans.

MVC framework is a software design pattern that separates an application into three interconnected components: Model, View, and Controller.

  • Model represents the data and business logic of the application.

  • View is responsible for displaying the user interface.

  • Controller handles user input, updates the model, and interacts with the view.

  • The workflow starts with the user interacting with the view, which triggers a request to the controller.

  • The controller processes the request, upd...read more

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Q7. What is Left Inner Join ? Write C code for Left Inner Join if the two tables are given in form of arrays

Ans.

Left Inner Join is a type of join operation in relational databases that returns only the matching records from both tables.

  • Left Inner Join combines rows from two tables based on a related column between them.

  • It returns only the matching records from both tables.

  • In C code, you can implement Left Inner Join using arrays by iterating through both arrays and comparing the related column values.

  • Here's an example of C code for Left Inner Join using arrays:

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Q8. Write a sample JSON and XML. Which one is better ? What are the advantages of JSON over XML!

Ans.

JSON is better than XML for data interchange due to its simplicity, readability, and smaller file size.

  • JSON is more lightweight and has a simpler syntax compared to XML.

  • JSON is easier to read and write for humans.

  • JSON has better support for arrays and objects.

  • JSON has a smaller file size compared to XML.

  • JSON is faster to parse and process compared to XML.

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Q9. What are relational databases ? why we use relational databases ? Have you worked over NoSQL ?

Ans.

Relational databases are structured databases that store data in tables with relationships. They are used for data integrity and flexibility.

  • Relational databases store data in tables with rows and columns.

  • They use structured query language (SQL) to manipulate and retrieve data.

  • Tables can have relationships with each other through keys.

  • Relational databases ensure data integrity and consistency through constraints.

  • They provide flexibility in querying and analyzing data.

  • Examples...read more

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Q10. What is difference between Unique Key and Primary Key

Ans.

A primary key is a unique identifier for a record in a table, while a unique key ensures that all values in a column are distinct.

  • Primary key is used to uniquely identify a record in a table.

  • A table can have only one primary key.

  • Primary key cannot have null values.

  • Unique key ensures that all values in a column are distinct.

  • A table can have multiple unique keys.

  • Unique key can have null values.

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Q11. how the ajax works ? tell me about headers ?

Ans.

AJAX is a technique used to send and receive data from a server without refreshing the entire web page.

  • AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.

  • It allows for asynchronous communication between the client and server.

  • AJAX uses XMLHttpRequest object to send and receive data.

  • Headers in AJAX requests contain additional information about the request or response.

  • Common headers include Content-Type, Accept, and Authorization.

  • Headers can be set using the setRequestHeader() meth...read more

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Q12. Have you ever made a thread based program in c?

Ans.

Yes, I have made a thread-based program in C.

  • Threads in C allow for concurrent execution of multiple tasks.

  • Threads can be created using the pthread library in C.

  • Thread-based programs can improve performance and responsiveness.

  • Example: Creating multiple threads to perform parallel processing tasks.

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Q13. how threading works at CPU level?

Ans.

Threading at the CPU level involves the execution of multiple threads simultaneously to improve performance.

  • Threading allows for parallel execution of tasks on a CPU.

  • Threads are scheduled by the operating system and executed by the CPU.

  • Each thread has its own stack and program counter.

  • Threads share the same memory space, allowing for communication and data sharing.

  • Thread synchronization mechanisms like locks and semaphores are used to prevent conflicts.

  • Examples of threading m...read more

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Q14. What UDP has advantages over TCP

Ans.

UDP has advantages over TCP in terms of speed, simplicity, and low overhead.

  • UDP is faster than TCP because it does not require the establishment of a connection before data transfer.

  • UDP is simpler than TCP as it does not have features like flow control, congestion control, and error recovery.

  • UDP has lower overhead compared to TCP as it does not include sequence numbers, acknowledgments, or retransmission mechanisms.

  • UDP is suitable for real-time applications like video streami...read more

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Q15. List page replacement policies?

Ans.

Page replacement policies are algorithms used in operating systems to decide which pages to evict from memory when a new page needs to be loaded.

  • FIFO (First-In, First-Out): Evicts the oldest page in memory.

  • LRU (Least Recently Used): Evicts the least recently used page in memory.

  • LFU (Least Frequently Used): Evicts the least frequently used page in memory.

  • Optimal: Evicts the page that will not be used for the longest period of time in the future.

  • Clock: Uses a circular list and ...read more

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Q16. What is JSON ? What is XML ?

Ans.

JSON is a lightweight data interchange format. XML is a markup language used for structuring and storing data.

  • JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation.

  • JSON is easy to read and write for humans and easy to parse and generate for machines.

  • JSON uses key-value pairs to represent data.

  • XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language.

  • XML uses tags to define elements and attributes to provide additional information about elements.

  • XML is widely used for data storage, configuration files, ...read more

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Q17. what data structure uses FIFO?

Ans.

Queue is a data structure that uses FIFO (First-In-First-Out) principle.

  • Elements are added to the back of the queue and removed from the front.

  • Common operations include enqueue (add element) and dequeue (remove element).

  • Examples: waiting in line, printing tasks in order.

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Q18. what are page faults?

Ans.

Page faults occur when a program requests data from the disk that is not currently in the main memory.

  • Page faults happen when a program tries to access data that is not present in the main memory.

  • When a page fault occurs, the operating system needs to retrieve the required data from the disk and load it into memory.

  • Page faults can significantly slow down program execution as disk access is much slower compared to memory access.

  • There are two types of page faults: minor page fa...read more

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Q19. Difference between threads and process?

Ans.

Threads are lightweight units of execution within a process, while processes are independent instances of a program.

  • Threads share the same memory space and resources of a process, while processes have their own memory space and resources.

  • Threads are faster to create and terminate compared to processes.

  • Threads within a process can communicate with each other directly, while processes communicate through inter-process communication mechanisms.

  • Threads are used for achieving para...read more

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Q20. How paging works ?

Ans.

Paging is a memory management technique used by operating systems to efficiently manage memory.

  • Paging divides the physical memory into fixed-size blocks called pages.

  • Virtual memory is divided into fixed-size blocks called page frames.

  • When a process needs to access a memory location, the operating system maps the virtual address to a physical address.

  • Page tables are used to keep track of the mapping between virtual and physical addresses.

  • Paging allows for efficient memory allo...read more

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Q21. what is ATM?

Ans.

ATM stands for Automated Teller Machine. It is an electronic banking device that allows customers to perform financial transactions.

  • ATM is a self-service machine used for banking purposes.

  • It provides services like cash withdrawal, balance inquiry, fund transfers, and bill payments.

  • ATMs are available 24/7 and are located in various places like banks, shopping malls, and convenience stores.

  • Customers can access their accounts by inserting a bank card and entering a personal iden...read more

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Q22. What is Ajax ?

Ans.

Ajax is a web development technique that allows for asynchronous communication between the client and server.

  • Ajax stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.

  • It enables web pages to update content without reloading the entire page.

  • Ajax uses XMLHttpRequest or fetch API to send and receive data asynchronously.

  • Commonly used in dynamic web applications to enhance user experience.

  • Example: Autocomplete search suggestions, real-time chat applications.

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Q23. What is HTTP ?

Ans.

HTTP is a protocol used for communication between web browsers and servers.

  • HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.

  • It is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web.

  • HTTP uses a client-server model where the browser acts as the client and requests data from the server.

  • It operates on top of TCP/IP and uses port 80 by default.

  • HTTP is stateless, meaning each request is independent and unrelated to previous requests.

  • It supports various request methods like GET,...read more

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Q24. Idea about thrashing?

Ans.

Thrashing is a phenomenon in computer systems where excessive paging occurs, leading to a decrease in overall system performance.

  • Thrashing occurs when a computer's virtual memory system is constantly swapping data between RAM and disk.

  • It typically happens when the system is overloaded with too many processes or when the working set of a process exceeds the available physical memory.

  • Thrashing can severely impact system performance, causing slow response times and high CPU usag...read more

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Q25. Reverse of a Linked List?

Ans.

Reverse a linked list by changing the direction of the pointers.

  • Iteratively swap the next and previous pointers of each node.

  • Use three pointers to keep track of the current, previous, and next nodes.

  • Repeat until the current node becomes null.

  • Example: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> null becomes 4 -> 3 -> 2 -> 1 -> null.

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Q26. What is mean of nakuri

Ans.

Nakuri is a Hindi word meaning job or employment.

  • Nakuri refers to a job or employment in Hindi language.

  • It is commonly used in India to refer to one's occupation or work.

  • Example: Main apni nakuri se khush hoon (I am happy with my job).

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Q27. What is nakuri ?

Ans.

Nakuri is a job search platform in India.

  • Job search platform in India

  • Offers job listings, resume building tools, and career advice

  • Connects job seekers with employers

  • Popular among Indian job seekers

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Q28. Your only 10 pass

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Q29. 2ho is therole model

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