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30+ Pharmaroof Pharmaceuticals Interview Questions and Answers
Q1. What is the difference between echo and print in PHP?
Echo and print are both used to output data in PHP, but echo is slightly faster and can take multiple parameters while print can only take one.
Echo is a language construct, while print is a function.
Echo does not return a value, while print returns 1.
Echo can take multiple parameters separated by commas, while print can only take one parameter.
Echo is slightly faster than print.
Q2. What is the next step after requirement gathering
The next step after requirement gathering is analyzing the gathered requirements to identify patterns, prioritize needs, and create a solution.
Analyze the gathered requirements to identify patterns and common themes
Prioritize the needs and requirements based on business goals and constraints
Create a solution design or proposal that addresses the identified requirements
Collaborate with stakeholders to validate the proposed solution and make any necessary adjustments
Q3. What does it mean by 'Alternate flow of Use Cases'
Alternate flow of Use Cases refers to scenarios in which the main flow of a use case is deviated due to certain conditions or exceptions.
Alternate flow describes deviations from the main flow of a use case
It represents different paths that a use case can take based on conditions or exceptions
These alternate flows are usually documented to ensure all possible scenarios are considered
Examples include error handling, validation failures, and user interactions leading to differen...read more
Q4. Ever Worked on pre-sales? (Effort & Cost estimation)
Yes, I have experience working on pre-sales efforts and cost estimation.
I have worked on creating proposals and estimates for potential clients
I have experience analyzing requirements and determining the effort needed for a project
I have collaborated with sales teams to provide accurate cost estimates
I have used tools and techniques such as cost-benefit analysis and risk assessment in pre-sales activities
Q5. How do you embed PHP code in an HTML file?
PHP code can be embedded in an HTML file using PHP opening and closing tags.
Use <?php ?> tags to enclose PHP code within an HTML file
Ensure that the file has a .php extension for the server to process PHP code
Example: <html><body><?php echo 'Hello World'; ?></body></html>
Q6. 4 Requirement Development Component required in Req. gathering phases
Requirement development components in requirement gathering phases
Stakeholder analysis
Interviews with stakeholders
Document analysis
Observations
Prototyping
Brainstorming sessions
Q7. What are Requirement Elicitation technique
Requirement elicitation techniques are methods used to gather and clarify requirements from stakeholders.
Interviews with stakeholders to understand their needs and expectations
Surveys and questionnaires to collect feedback from a larger group of stakeholders
Observations of current processes or systems to identify areas for improvement
Prototyping to visualize requirements and gather feedback early in the process
Brainstorming sessions to generate new ideas and requirements
Q8. How JIRA is used in project management
JIRA is a project management tool used for tracking tasks, issues, and progress in projects.
JIRA allows users to create and assign tasks to team members
It provides a centralized platform for tracking project progress and deadlines
Users can create custom workflows and dashboards to visualize project status
JIRA integrates with other tools like Confluence and Bitbucket for seamless collaboration
Q9. what is the diffrences between methlogies.
Different methodologies in business analysis include Agile, Waterfall, and Lean.
Agile focuses on flexibility and collaboration, with iterative development cycles.
Waterfall follows a linear approach with distinct phases like requirements, design, development, testing, and deployment.
Lean aims to eliminate waste and improve efficiency by continuously improving processes.
Each methodology has its own strengths and weaknesses, and may be more suitable for different projects or org...read more
Q10. What is [project initiation plan
A project initiation plan is a document that outlines the objectives, scope, and deliverables of a project.
Defines the purpose and goals of the project
Identifies key stakeholders and their roles
Outlines the project scope and constraints
Includes a high-level timeline and budget estimate
Provides a roadmap for project execution
Q11. How to prioritize the requirement
Requirements should be prioritized based on business value, impact on stakeholders, and feasibility.
Identify and prioritize requirements that align with the organization's strategic goals.
Consider the impact on stakeholders and prioritize requirements that address their needs.
Assess the feasibility of implementing each requirement and prioritize those that are achievable within constraints.
Use techniques like MoSCoW prioritization to categorize requirements as Must have, Shou...read more
Q12. What is Business Process Modeling
Business Process Modeling is the visual representation of a business process to analyze, improve, and optimize its efficiency.
It involves creating diagrams or flowcharts to illustrate the steps, activities, and decisions involved in a business process.
Business Process Modeling helps in identifying bottlenecks, redundancies, and inefficiencies in a process.
It can be used to simulate different scenarios and analyze the impact of changes before implementing them.
Common tools use...read more
Q13. Difference between Validation & Verification
Validation ensures the product meets the customer's requirements, while verification ensures the product is built correctly.
Validation is checking if the right product is being built, while verification is checking if the product is being built right.
Validation involves evaluating the product against customer requirements, while verification involves checking the product against specifications.
Validation is subjective and involves customer feedback, while verification is obje...read more
Q14. What is the MoSCoW matrix
MoSCoW matrix is a prioritization technique used in project management to categorize requirements into Must have, Should have, Could have, and Won't have.
MoSCoW stands for Must have, Should have, Could have, and Won't have
Must have - essential requirements that are critical for project success
Should have - important requirements that are high priority but not critical
Could have - desirable requirements that are nice to have but not necessary
Won't have - requirements that are ...read more
Q15. What are the use cases
Use cases are specific scenarios where a product or service can be used to solve a particular problem or achieve a specific goal.
Identifying business needs and requirements
Improving processes and workflows
Enhancing decision-making through data analysis
Optimizing resource allocation
Increasing customer satisfaction
Reducing costs and increasing efficiency
Q16. Method overloading vs overriding
Method overloading is having multiple methods in the same class with the same name but different parameters. Method overriding is redefining a method in a subclass with the same name and parameters as in the superclass.
Method overloading involves multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.
Method overriding involves redefining a method in a subclass with the same name and parameters as in the superclass.
Method overloading is determined at compile time based o...read more
Q17. What is RACI metrics
RACI metrics are used to define roles and responsibilities within a project or organization.
RACI stands for Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and Informed
It helps clarify who is responsible for what tasks and decisions
Example: R - John is responsible for data analysis, A - Sarah is accountable for project success, C - Mark is consulted for technical expertise, I - Emily is informed of project updates
Q18. What is RTM metrics
RTM metrics refer to the metrics used to track and measure the requirements traceability matrix.
RTM metrics help in tracking the progress of requirements throughout the project lifecycle.
They measure the coverage of requirements, identify gaps, and ensure all requirements are met.
Examples of RTM metrics include requirement status (e.g. implemented, in progress, pending), requirement source, and requirement priority.
Q19. Primary key vs unique key
Primary key uniquely identifies a record in a table, while unique key ensures uniqueness but allows null values.
Primary key enforces uniqueness and not null constraint on a column
Primary key can consist of multiple columns
Unique key enforces uniqueness but allows null values
Unique key can be applied to multiple columns as well
Q20. Procedure vs function
Procedures are a set of instructions that perform a specific task, while functions return a value after performing a task.
Procedures do not return a value, while functions do.
Functions can be called within expressions, while procedures cannot.
Functions are more versatile and reusable compared to procedures.
Q21. Trigger in sql server
A trigger in SQL Server is a special type of stored procedure that automatically executes when certain events occur in a database.
Triggers can be used to enforce business rules, audit changes, or replicate data.
There are two main types of triggers in SQL Server: DML triggers and DDL triggers.
DML triggers fire in response to data manipulation language (DML) events like INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.
DDL triggers fire in response to data definition language (DDL) events like CREATE...read more
Q22. Abstract class vs interface
Abstract class is a class that can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interface is a contract that defines methods that must be implemented by a class.
Abstract class can have constructor, fields, and methods, while interface cannot have any implementation.
A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.
Abstract classes are used when some common functionality needs to be shared among subclasses, while interfaces are used t...read more
Q23. Explain OOPS Programming.
OOPS programming is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data in the form of fields and code in the form of procedures.
OOPS stands for Object-Oriented Programming System
It focuses on creating objects that interact with each other to solve complex problems
Encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction are key principles of OOPS
Example: Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class
Q24. Oops Concept in c#
Oops concept in C# refers to Object-Oriented Programming principles like inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction.
Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.
Encapsulation hides the internal state of an object and only exposes necessary information.
Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.
Abstraction focuses on the essential characteristics of an object while ignoring...read more
Q25. Filter and its type
A filter is a tool used to select specific data from a larger set based on certain criteria.
Filters can be used in various programming languages and databases to narrow down results.
Types of filters include text filters, numeric filters, date filters, and custom filters.
Examples of filters include WHERE clause in SQL, filter() function in Python, and filter() method in JavaScript.
Q26. View in sql server
A view in SQL Server is a virtual table that contains the result set of a SELECT statement.
Views are used to simplify complex queries by storing them as a virtual table.
Views can be used to restrict access to specific columns or rows of a table.
Views can be created using the CREATE VIEW statement.
Example: CREATE VIEW vwEmployee AS SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM Employees;
Q27. Interface in c#
Interface in C# is a reference type that defines a contract for classes to implement certain methods and properties.
Interfaces cannot have implementation, only method signatures and properties.
Classes can implement multiple interfaces in C#.
Interfaces are used to achieve abstraction and multiple inheritance in C#.
Example: public interface IShape { void Draw(); }
Example: public class Circle : IShape { public void Draw() { Console.WriteLine("Drawing a circle"); }}
Q28. Partial view in.det
Partial view in ASP.NET MVC allows reusing common UI elements across multiple views.
Partial views are like reusable components that can be included in multiple views
They help in reducing code duplication and improving maintainability
Partial views are rendered using Html.Partial or Html.RenderPartial methods
Q29. Union vs union all
Union combines and removes duplicates, while union all combines all rows including duplicates.
Union removes duplicates, while union all includes duplicates.
Union is slower as it has to remove duplicates, while union all is faster.
Use union when you want to remove duplicates, use union all when duplicates are acceptable.
Q30. Foreign key In sql
Foreign key in SQL is a field in a table that links to a primary key in another table, enforcing referential integrity.
Foreign key constraints ensure data consistency between related tables
Foreign key values must exist in the referenced table's primary key column
Foreign key can be used to establish relationships between tables
Q31. Constructor in c#
Constructor in C# is a special type of method that is automatically called when an instance of a class is created.
Constructors have the same name as the class and do not have a return type.
They can be used to initialize the data members of the class.
Constructors can be overloaded to have multiple versions with different parameters.
Example: public class Person { public Person(string name) { this.Name = name; } }
Q32. Tools and technologies that i have worked
I have experience working with a variety of tools and technologies in data science.
Python (NumPy, Pandas, Scikit-learn)
R programming
SQL
Tableau
TensorFlow
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