Karkhana.io Interview Questions and Answers

Interview questions for Software Developer

• Variables are stored in memory through a process called memory allocation

• OOPs is needed for better code organization, reusability, and encapsulation

• Compile-time polymorphism is achieved through function overloading while runtime polymorphism is achieved through virtual functions

• DBMS stands for Database Management System and is used to manage and organize data

• Malloc and calloc are both memory allocation functions in C, but calloc initi...read more

ECU and MCU Configuration refers to the setup and programming of electronic control units and microcontroller units in a system.

• ECU and MCU Configuration involves setting up and programming electronic control units and microcontroller units in a system

• This configuration is important for ensuring proper functioning of the system

• Examples of systems that require ECU and MCU Configuration include automobiles, industrial machinery, and medical devices

Primary key uniquely identifies a record, foreign key links to a primary key in another table, unique key ensures uniqueness of a column or set of columns.

• Primary key: uniquely identifies each record in a table (e.g. employee_id in an employees table)

• Foreign key: links to a primary key in another table to establish a relationship (e.g. department_id in an employees table linking to department_id in a departments table)

• Unique key: ensures uniqueness of values in a column or se...read more

Shallow copy creates a new object but references the same nested objects, while deep copy creates a new object with copies of all nested objects.

• Shallow copy only copies the top-level object, not the nested objects.

• Deep copy creates new copies of all nested objects, ensuring they are independent.

• In JavaScript, shallow copy can be achieved using Object.assign or spread operator, while deep copy can be achieved using JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj)).

Event loop in Node.js manages asynchronous operations by executing callback functions when certain events occur.

• Event loop is responsible for handling I/O operations, timers, and callbacks in Node.js

• It allows Node.js to perform non-blocking operations efficiently

• Event loop continuously checks the event queue and executes callback functions when events are triggered

Variable hoisting is a behavior in JavaScript where variable declarations are moved to the top of their scope during compilation.

• Variable declarations are hoisted to the top of their function or global scope.

• Only the declarations are hoisted, not the initializations.

• Hoisting allows you to use a variable before it is declared, but it is best practice to declare variables at the top of the scope.

• Example: console.log(myVar); var myVar = 10; // Output: undefined

Function closure in JavaScript allows a function to access variables from its outer scope even after the outer function has finished executing.

• Function closures occur when a function is defined within another function and the inner function has access to the outer function's variables.

• Closures are commonly used to create private variables and functions in JavaScript.

• Example: function outerFunction() { let outerVar = 'I am outer'; function innerFunction() { console.log(outerVa...read more