KPIT Technologies Data Scientist Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced

Q1. Explain L1 & L2 regularization
Ans. 
L1 & L2 regularization are techniques used in machine learning to prevent overfitting by adding a penalty term to the cost function.
• L1 regularization adds the absolute values of the coefficients as penalty term (Lasso regression)

• L2 regularization adds the squared values of the coefficients as penalty term (Ridge regression)

• L1 regularization encourages sparsity in the model, while L2 regularization tends to shrink the c...read more
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Q2. Explain error metric
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Error metric is a measure used to evaluate the performance of a model by comparing predicted values to actual values.
• Error metric quantifies the difference between predicted values and actual values.

• Common error metrics include Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and R-squared.

• Lower values of error metric indicate better performance of the model.

• Error metric helps in und...read more
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Q3. Where do you see yourself
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Q1. Given a situation how do you handle different cases
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Q2. Given a proab stats question
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Basic self evaluation test.

Q1. What project I have completed and follow-up questions on that?
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Q2. How to handle class imbalance.
Ans. 
Handling class imbalance involves techniques like resampling, using different algorithms, and adjusting class weights.
• Use resampling techniques like oversampling or undersampling to balance the classes.

• Utilize algorithms that are robust to class imbalance, such as Random Forest, XGBoost, or SVM.

• Adjust class weights in the model to give more importance to minority class.

• Use evaluation metrics like F1 score, precision, r...read more
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Q3. Basic Python coding questions.
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Q1. Data-related questions.
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Q2. ML Ops questions.
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Q1. How do you work towards a random forest?
Ans. 
To work towards a random forest, you need to gather and preprocess data, select features, train individual decision trees, and combine them into an ensemble.
• Gather and preprocess data from various sources

• Select relevant features for the model

• Train individual decision trees using the data

• Combine the decision trees into an ensemble

• Evaluate the performance of the random forest model
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Q2. What is bias variance trade-off
Ans. 
Bias-variance trade-off is the balance between overfitting and underfitting in a model.
• Bias is the error due to assumptions made in the learning algorithm. Variance is the error due to sensitivity to small fluctuations in the training set.

• High bias leads to underfitting, while high variance leads to overfitting.

• The goal is to find the sweet spot where the model has low bias and low variance, which results in good gener...read more
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Q1. Tell me about your self
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I am a data scientist with expertise in machine learning and data analysis.
• I have a strong background in statistics and mathematics.

• I am proficient in programming languages such as Python and R.

• I have experience working with large datasets and extracting insights from them.

• I have developed predictive models for various industries, including finance and e-commerce.

• I am skilled in data visualization and communicating com
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Q2. Why you are perfect for this job
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I have a strong background in data analysis and machine learning, with a proven track record of delivering actionable insights.
• I have a Master's degree in Data Science and have completed several projects involving data analysis and predictive modeling.

• I am proficient in programming languages such as Python and R, as well as in using tools like TensorFlow and Tableau.

• I have experience working with large datasets and hav...read more
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Q1. Basic DS question like how to handle missing features
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Q1. Case study based questions
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Q1. How can Logistic regression be applied for multiclasstext classification
Ans. 
Logistic regression can be applied for multiclasstext classification by using one-vs-rest or softmax approach.
• One-vs-rest approach: Train a binary logistic regression model for each class, treating it as the positive class and the rest as the negative class.

• Softmax approach: Use the softmax function to transform the output of the logistic regression into probabilities for each class.

• Evaluate the model using appropriate...read more
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Q1. How does fbpropher forecasting model works and how is can be used to forecsst trafffic
Ans. 
fbprophet is a forecasting model developed by Facebook that uses time series data to make predictions.
• fbprophet is an open-source forecasting tool developed by Facebook's Core Data Science team.

• It is based on an additive model where non-linear trends are fit with yearly, weekly, and daily seasonality, plus holiday effects.

• fbprophet can be used to forecast traffic by providing historical data on traffic patterns and usi...read more
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Q1. Why you are interested in working for clipchamp at Microsoft/
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Q2. How your career goals align with this role?
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