Konverge Technologies IT and Networking Engineer Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

The ISO model, also known as OSI model, is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven layers.

• The ISO model stands for International Organization for Standardization model.

• It helps in understanding how different networking protocols work together.

• Each layer in the model has specific functions and interacts with adjacent layers.

• Examples of layers include p...read more

Fat 16 has a maximum volume size of 2GB and a maximum file size of 2GB, while Fat 32 has a maximum volume size of 2TB and a maximum file size of 4GB.

• Fat 16 has a maximum volume size of 2GB, while Fat 32 has a maximum volume size of 2TB.

• Fat 16 has a maximum file size of 2GB, while Fat 32 has a maximum file size of 4GB.

• Fat 16 uses 16-bit file allocation table entries, while Fat 32 uses 32-bit file allocation table entrie...read more

IP stands for Internet Protocol. It is a set of rules that governs the format of data sent over the internet.

• IP is a unique address assigned to each device connected to a network.

• There are two versions of IP - IPv4 and IPv6.

• IPv4 uses a 32-bit address scheme allowing for a total of 2^32 addresses.

• IPv6 uses a 128-bit address scheme allowing for a total of 2^128 addresses.

IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses.

• IPv4 addresses are written in decimal format (e.g. 192.168.1.1) while IPv6 addresses are written in hexadecimal format (e.g. 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).

• IPv4 supports around 4.3 billion unique addresses, while IPv6 supports an astronomical number of unique addresses (2^128).

• IPv4 uses ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) for mapping IP addresses to M...read more

Loopback IP is a special IP address used to send data back to the same device for testing and troubleshooting purposes.

• Loopback IP address is 127.0.0.1 in IPv4 and ::1 in IPv6

• It is often used for testing network connectivity on a device without needing an external network

• Loopback IP is commonly used in troubleshooting network issues

Subletting is the act of a tenant renting out all or part of a rented property to another party.

• Subletting involves the original tenant renting out the property to a subtenant.

• The subtenant pays rent to the original tenant, who in turn pays rent to the landlord.

• Subletting may require permission from the landlord, depending on the terms of the lease agreement.

• The original tenant remains responsible for the lease agreeme

Hub broadcasts data to all devices, while switch forwards data only to the intended device.

• Hub operates at physical layer, while switch operates at data link layer.

• Hub is a passive device, while switch is an active device.

• Hub has one collision domain, while switch has multiple collision domains.

• Hub is slower than switch in data transmission.

• Example: Hub - Ethernet Hub, Switch - Ethernet Switch

Types of network cables include Ethernet cables, fiber optic cables, and coaxial cables.

• Ethernet cables are commonly used for wired networks, with categories like Cat5e, Cat6, and Cat7.

• Fiber optic cables use light to transmit data and are known for high speed and long distance capabilities.

• Coaxial cables are often used for cable TV and internet connections, with RG6 and RG59 being common types.

Protocol is a set of rules that governs the communication between devices in a network.

• Protocol defines the format, timing, sequencing, and error checking of data transmission.

• Examples of protocols include TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, and SMTP.

• Protocols ensure that devices can communicate effectively and understand each other's data.

Topology refers to the arrangement of various elements in a network, including nodes and connecting lines.

• Topology defines how devices are connected in a network

• Common topologies include bus, ring, star, mesh, and hybrid

• Each topology has its own advantages and disadvantages

• Examples: Bus topology - all devices connected to a single cable; Star topology - all devices connected to a central hub

A cross cable is used to connect two similar devices, like two computers or two switches, directly without the need for a hub or switch.

• Used to connect similar devices directly

• Does not require a hub or switch in between

• Commonly used for connecting two computers or two switches

Straight cables are used to connect a computer to a switch or router.

• Straight cables are used to connect a computer to a switch or router

• They have the same pin layout on both ends

• Examples include connecting a computer to a network switch or router

A MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on a network.

• MAC stands for Media Access Control.

• It is a 48-bit address typically written as six groups of two hexadecimal digits separated by colons or hyphens.

• MAC addresses are used to uniquely identify devices on a network.

• They are assigned by the manufacturer and are usually hardcoded into the network interface hardware.

• Example:

Troubleshooting network issues involves identifying, isolating, and resolving connectivity problems.

• Start by checking physical connections and cables

• Use network monitoring tools to identify any issues

• Check network configurations and settings

• Isolate the issue by testing connectivity with different devices

• Update firmware and software as needed

• Consider potential interference from other devices or networks

• Consult with coll...read more

To create a shared file, you can use a file sharing service or set up a shared network drive.

• Use a file sharing service like Google Drive, Dropbox, or OneDrive

• Set up a shared network drive on a server or NAS device

• Assign permissions to users to access the shared file

Subnetmask is a 32-bit number used to divide an IP address into network and host portions.

• Subnetmask is used in conjunction with IP addresses to determine the network and host portions of an address.

• It is represented in decimal format (e.g. 255.255.255.0) or CIDR notation (e.g. /24).

• Subnetmask helps in routing packets to the correct destination within a network.

• It is essential for creating subnets within a larger netwo

Types of NIC include Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communication.

• Types of NIC: Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth

• MAC address is a unique identifier for network interfaces

• MAC address is a 48-bit hexadecimal number

• MAC address is assigned by the manufacturer

Firmware is a type of software that is embedded into hardware devices to control their basic functions.

• Firmware is a specific type of software that is designed to control the hardware it is embedded in.

• It is stored in non-volatile memory, such as ROM or flash memory.

• Firmware is responsible for booting up the hardware device and providing basic functionality.

• Examples of firmware include BIOS in computers, firmware in ro