Invesco Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Quant, reasoning, accounts and financial markets

Q1. Explain moment when you felt the prodest of yourself?
Ans. 
I felt the proudest of myself when I successfully implemented a data governance framework that significantly improved data quality and compliance.
• Successfully implemented a data governance framework

• Significantly improved data quality and compliance

• Received positive feedback from stakeholders

• Recognized by senior management for the achievement
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Q2. Your favourite subject?
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My favorite subject is mathematics.
• I enjoy solving complex problems using mathematical principles.

• I find joy in analyzing data and patterns.

• Mathematics helps me develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
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Q3. What have you heard about invesco?
Ans. 
Invesco is a global investment management company known for its wide range of investment products and services.
• Invesco offers a variety of investment options including mutual funds, ETFs, and retirement plans

• The company has a strong focus on research and innovation in the financial industry

• Invesco has a global presence with offices in over 20 countries
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Q4. Who is the ceo, recent news about invesco?
Ans. 
The CEO of Invesco is Martin L. Flanagan. Recent news about Invesco includes their acquisition of OppenheimerFunds.
• CEO of Invesco is Martin L. Flanagan

• Recent news includes acquisition of OppenheimerFunds
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Q5. What inspired you to join invesco?
Ans. 
I was inspired to join Invesco because of their strong reputation in the financial industry and their commitment to data governance.
• Invesco's reputation for excellence in the financial industry

• Invesco's focus on data governance and compliance

• Opportunity to work with a talented team in a dynamic environment
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Q6. What business invesco is in? Competitors of invesco?
Ans. 
Invesco is a global investment management company providing a wide range of financial services. Competitors include BlackRock, Vanguard, and Fidelity.
• Invesco is in the business of investment management and financial services

• Competitors include BlackRock, Vanguard, and Fidelity

• Invesco offers a variety of products such as mutual funds, ETFs, and retirement plans
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Q1. What is primary market? Instruments in primary market?
Ans. 
Primary market is where securities are created and sold for the first time. Instruments include IPOs, bonds, and preferred stock.
• Primary market is where companies issue new securities to raise capital

• Instruments in primary market include Initial Public Offerings (IPOs), bonds, preferred stock

• Investors buy these securities directly from the issuing company
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Q2. What is secondary market? Instruments in secondary market?
Ans. 
Secondary market refers to the buying and selling of previously issued financial instruments.
• Secondary market allows investors to buy and sell securities from other investors, rather than from the issuing company.

• Examples of instruments in secondary market include stocks, bonds, options, and futures.

• Secondary market provides liquidity to investors by allowing them to easily buy and sell securities.
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Q3. Financial markets regulator in india and usa? And other countries
Ans. 
Financial markets regulators in India include SEBI, in the USA it is the SEC, and other countries have their own regulatory bodies.
• India: SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India)

• USA: SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission)

• Other countries: FCA (Financial Conduct Authority) in the UK, ASIC (Australian Securities and Investments Commission) in Australia, etc.
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Q4. What is ipo? Ipo process?
Ans. 
IPO stands for Initial Public Offering. It is the process by which a private company becomes a public company by offering shares to the public.
• IPO is a way for companies to raise capital by selling shares of their stock to the public for the first time.

• The IPO process involves a company working with investment banks to determine the offering price, file necessary paperwork with regulatory bodies, and market the offerin...read more
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Q5. What is trade life cycle? Explain various stages and departments that work?
Ans. 
Trade life cycle refers to the stages involved in a trade from initiation to settlement.
• Various stages include trade initiation, trade execution, trade confirmation, trade settlement, and trade reconciliation.

• Departments involved may include front office (traders), middle office (risk management), back office (settlements), and compliance.

• Example: In a stock trade, the trade initiation involves placing an order, trade ...read more
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Q6. What is trade settlement?
Ans. 
Trade settlement is the process of transferring securities and funds between parties involved in a trade.
• Trade settlement involves the finalization of a trade by exchanging securities for cash or other securities.

• It typically involves the clearing, matching, and confirmation of trade details.

• Settlement can be done through various methods such as delivery versus payment (DVP) or payment versus payment (PVP).
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Q7. Explain various ratios? 1) liquidity ratios 2) leverage ratios 3)efficiency ratio 4) profitability ratios and 5) market value ratios 6) working capital ratio 7) quick ratio 8) earning per share 9) price to...read more
Ans. 
Various financial ratios are used to analyze different aspects of a company's performance and financial health.
• Liquidity ratios measure a company's ability to meet short-term obligations (e.g. current ratio, quick ratio)

• Leverage ratios assess the level of debt a company has taken on (e.g. debt to equity ratio, debt to capital)

• Efficiency ratios evaluate how well a company utilizes its assets to generate revenue (e.g. as...read more
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Q8. Short term and long term financing?
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Q9. What is bond, derivatives, etf's, equity, share, mutual fund, contract, swap, futures, options? Duration of each? Types of each?
Ans. 
Various financial instruments with different durations and types.
• Bond: Debt security with fixed interest rate and maturity date (e.g. 10-year Treasury bond)

• Derivatives: Financial contracts derived from an underlying asset (e.g. options, futures)

• ETFs (Exchange-Traded Funds): Investment funds traded on stock exchanges (e.g. SPDR S&P 500 ETF)

• Equity: Ownership in a company represented by shares of stock

• Share: Unit of owner...read more
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Q10. Difference between dividend and interest? Which instrument pay dividend and which instrument pay interest?
Ans. 
Dividends are payments made by corporations to their shareholders, while interest is the cost of borrowing money.
• Dividends are payments made by corporations to their shareholders as a distribution of profits.

• Interest is the cost of borrowing money, paid by borrowers to lenders.

• Instruments such as stocks typically pay dividends, while bonds and savings accounts pay interest.
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Q11. Stock exchanges in india? Oldest stock exchange? Stock brokers? What is demat?
Ans. 
Stock exchanges in India include BSE and NSE. Oldest stock exchange is BSE. Stock brokers facilitate buying and selling of stocks. Demat account holds securities in electronic form.
• Stock exchanges in India: BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange) and NSE (National Stock Exchange)

• Oldest stock exchange in India: BSE (established in 1875)

• Stock brokers help investors buy and sell stocks on the stock exchanges

• Demat account: A demateria...read more
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Q12. What are put and call options?
Ans. 
Put and call options are financial contracts that give the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a specified price within a specific time period.
• Put option: Gives the buyer the right to sell an asset at a specified price before a certain date.

• Call option: Gives the buyer the right to buy an asset at a specified price before a certain date.

• Options are commonly used in stock trading to hedge...read more
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Q13. Difference between option contract and future contract?
Ans. 
Option contracts give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a specified price, while future contracts obligate the parties to buy or sell an asset at a specified price on a future date.
• Option contracts provide the holder with the choice to exercise the contract or not, while future contracts require the parties to fulfill the contract at the agreed-upon terms.

• Option contracts have a p...read more
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Q14. Types of derivatives?
Ans. 
Derivatives are financial instruments whose value is derived from an underlying asset or group of assets.
• Types of derivatives include options, futures, forwards, and swaps.

• Options give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a specified price before or on a specified date.

• Futures are contracts to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price on a specified future date.

• Forwards are simil...read more
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Q15. What are indices(index) and benchmark? Tell global market indices? What is S&P 500 index and nifty fifty?
Ans. 
Indices are measures of the performance of a group of stocks or assets, while benchmarks are used to compare the performance of a specific investment.
• Indices are used to track the performance of a specific group of stocks or assets, providing a snapshot of the overall market or a specific sector.

• Benchmarks are used as a reference point to evaluate the performance of a particular investment or portfolio.

• Global market in...read more
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Q16. What is merger and acquisition? What are mergers and acquisitions with examples? What are the two types of mergers and acquisitions?
Ans. 
Merger and acquisition refer to the consolidation of companies through various financial transactions.
• Merger is when two companies combine to form a new entity, while acquisition is when one company takes over another.

• Examples of mergers include Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox and Exxon's merger with Mobil.

• Examples of acquisitions include Facebook's acquisition of Instagram and Amazon's acquisition of Whole Fo...read more
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Q17. What is share class? Types of share class? Advantages of each share class?
Ans. 
Share class refers to different types of shares issued by a company, each with its own set of rights and privileges.
• Types of share class include common shares, preferred shares, and class A shares.

• Common shares typically have voting rights and receive dividends after preferred shareholders.

• Preferred shares usually have a fixed dividend rate and priority over common shareholders in case of liquidation.

• Class A shares may...read more
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Q18. How well do you understand working capital? Define double-entry bookkeeping. What are the three types of accounting? Three golden rules of accounting?What is the difference between ‘accounts payable (AP)’...read more
Ans. 
Working capital is the difference between a company's current assets and current liabilities.
• Working capital is essential for a company's day-to-day operations and indicates its financial health.

• Double-entry bookkeeping is a system where every transaction is recorded in at least two accounts, ensuring accuracy and balance.

• The three types of accounting are financial accounting, management accounting, and tax accounting.

• ...read more
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Q19. Explain various modes of financing? What is venture capital, angel investor, equity financing, private equity, bootstrapping, hedge fund, joint venture?
Ans. 
Various modes of financing include venture capital, angel investor, equity financing, private equity, bootstrapping, hedge fund, and joint venture.
• Venture capital involves investors providing funding to startups and small businesses in exchange for equity.

• Angel investors are individuals who provide financial backing for small startups or entrepreneurs.

• Equity financing is when a company raises capital by selling shares ...read more
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Q20. Hedge fund vs mutual fund difference?
Ans. 
Hedge funds are typically more risky and exclusive, while mutual funds are more diversified and accessible to the general public.
• Hedge funds are typically only available to accredited investors, while mutual funds are open to the general public.

• Hedge funds often use more complex investment strategies and can be riskier than mutual funds.

• Mutual funds are typically more diversified, spreading investments across a range o...read more
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Q21. What are joins in SQL, types of join?
Ans. 
Joins in SQL are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.
• Types of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN.

• INNER JOIN returns rows when there is at least one match in both tables.

• LEFT JOIN returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table.

• RIGHT JOIN returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left tabl...read more
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Q22. Primary key and foreign key, unique key in SQL?
Ans. 
Primary key uniquely identifies each record in a table, foreign key links two tables, unique key ensures uniqueness of values in a column.
• Primary key: uniquely identifies each record in a table

• Foreign key: links two tables together

• Unique key: ensures uniqueness of values in a column
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Q23. Difference between drop, delete and truncate in SQL?
Ans. 
Drop deletes the table structure and data, delete removes specific rows, truncate removes all rows but keeps the table structure.
• Drop: removes the table structure and all data within it

• Delete: removes specific rows based on a condition

• Truncate: removes all rows from a table but keeps the table structure

• Example: DROP TABLE table_name, DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition, TRUNCATE TABLE table_name
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Q24. Difference between fields and records?
Ans. 
Fields are individual pieces of data within a record, while records are a collection of fields that represent a single entity.
• Fields are columns in a database table or attributes in an entity

• Records are rows in a database table or instances of an entity

• Example: In a customer database, 'Name' and 'Email' are fields, while a row containing 'John Doe' and 'john.doe@example.com' is a record
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Q25. What is difference between SQL server and SQL server management studio?
Ans. 
SQL Server is a relational database management system, while SQL Server Management Studio is an integrated environment for managing SQL Server databases.
• SQL Server is a relational database management system used for storing and retrieving data.

• SQL Server Management Studio is a graphical user interface tool used for managing SQL Server databases.

• SQL Server is the actual database software, while SQL Server Management Stu...read more
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Q26. What is rdbms? What is full form?
Ans. 
RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System. It is a type of database management system that stores data in a structured format.
• RDBMS organizes data into tables with rows and columns.

• It uses SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and managing the data.

• Examples of RDBMS include MySQL, Oracle Database, SQL Server, and PostgreSQL.
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Q27. What is structured and unstructured data?
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Structured data is organized and easily searchable, while unstructured data lacks a specific format or organization.
• Structured data is typically stored in databases with a clear schema.

• Unstructured data includes text documents, images, videos, and social media posts.

• Structured data can be easily analyzed using SQL queries, while unstructured data requires more advanced techniques like natural language processing.

• Exampl...read more
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Q28. Different types of data types? Difference between char and varchar and string?
Ans. 
Different data types include char, varchar, and string. Char is fixed length, varchar is variable length, and string is a generic data type.
• Char is a fixed-length data type that stores a specific number of characters, padding with spaces if necessary.

• Varchar is a variable-length data type that stores a varying number of characters up to a specified maximum length.

• String is a generic data type that can store any type of...read more
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Q29. What are SQL stores procedure?
Ans. 
SQL stored procedures are precompiled SQL code that can be stored and executed on a database server.
• Stored procedures are used to encapsulate and execute frequently used SQL queries or operations.

• They can improve performance by reducing network traffic and optimizing query execution plans.

• Stored procedures can also enhance security by controlling access to data and enforcing business rules.

• Examples include procedures f...read more
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Q30. Difference between pg admin and postgre SQL?
Ans. 
pgAdmin is a graphical user interface tool for managing PostgreSQL databases, while PostgreSQL is the open-source relational database management system itself.
• pgAdmin is a GUI tool used for managing PostgreSQL databases

• PostgreSQL is the open-source RDBMS that stores and manages the data

• pgAdmin allows users to interact with PostgreSQL databases through a visual interface

• PostgreSQL is the actual database system where the
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Q31. Tools used for data quality?
Ans. 
Various tools are used for data quality such as data profiling tools, data cleansing tools, data monitoring tools, and data quality management tools.
• Data profiling tools help in analyzing the structure, content, and quality of data.

• Data cleansing tools assist in identifying and correcting errors in data.

• Data monitoring tools track data quality over time and alert users to any issues.

• Data quality management tools provid...read more
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Q32. Six data quality dimensions?
Ans. 
The six data quality dimensions are accuracy, completeness, consistency, timeliness, validity, and uniqueness.
• Accuracy - data is correct and free from errors

• Completeness - data is whole and not missing any parts

• Consistency - data is uniform and follows the same format

• Timeliness - data is up-to-date and relevant

• Validity - data conforms to defined rules and constraints

• Uniqueness - data is distinct and not duplicated
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Q33. What is data cleaning? Which tools would you use for data cleaning? Why is it necessary?
Ans. 
Data cleaning is the process of identifying and correcting errors or inconsistencies in data to improve its quality and reliability.
• Data cleaning involves removing duplicate records, correcting inaccuracies, handling missing values, and standardizing data formats.

• Tools commonly used for data cleaning include OpenRefine, Trifacta, and Talend.

• Data cleaning is necessary to ensure accurate analysis and decision-making, pre...read more
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Q34. Various types of SQL commands? Give examples of each?
Ans. 
SQL commands are used to interact with databases. Examples include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.
• SELECT: retrieves data from a database

• INSERT: adds new records to a table

• UPDATE: modifies existing records in a table

• DELETE: removes records from a table
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Q35. What is schema?
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Schema is a structure that represents the logical view of the entire database.
• Schema defines the organization of data in a database

• It includes tables, columns, relationships, constraints, and other elements

• Schema helps in understanding how data is stored and accessed in a database
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Q36. Difference between data mart and data lake and data repository?
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Data mart is a subset of a data warehouse focused on a specific business line, data lake is a centralized repository for raw data, and data repository is a general term for any storage system for data.
• Data mart is a subset of a data warehouse, containing a specific set of data relevant to a particular business line or team.

• Data lake is a centralized repository that stores large amounts of raw data in its native format ...read more
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Q37. What are alias and clause in SQL?
Ans. 
Alias is a temporary name given to a table or column in SQL. Clause is a keyword used to filter, group, or order data in SQL queries.
• Alias is used to give a temporary name to a table or column in SQL.

• Aliases are commonly used to make column names more readable or to reference the same table multiple times in a query.

• Example: SELECT column_name AS alias_name FROM table_name;

• Clause is a keyword used to filter, group, or ...read more
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Q38. Aggregate functions vs scalar functions in SQL? Give examples of each?
Ans. 
Aggregate functions perform calculations on a set of values and return a single value, while scalar functions operate on a single value and return a single value.
• Aggregate functions include SUM, AVG, COUNT, MAX, MIN. Example: SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employees;

• Scalar functions include UPPER, LOWER, ROUND, CONCAT. Example: SELECT UPPER(first_name) FROM employees;
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