10+ Sparient Interview Questions and Answers

Doctype defines the version of HTML being used and helps browsers render the page correctly.

• Doctype declaration is used to specify the version of HTML being used in the document.

• It helps browsers to render the web page correctly by triggering standards mode.

• If the doctype is removed, browsers may render the page in quirks mode which can lead to inconsistent display.

• For example, without a doctype, some CSS styles may not be applied correctly.

There are three ways to link CSS: inline, internal, and external. Inline has the highest priority.

• Inline CSS is applied directly to an HTML element using the 'style' attribute.

• Internal CSS is defined within the 'style' tags in the head section of an HTML document.

• External CSS is linked to an HTML document using the 'link' tag with the 'rel' attribute set to 'stylesheet'.

• Inline CSS has the highest priority, followed by internal CSS, and then external CSS.

Meta tags are HTML tags that provide metadata about a webpage. They are used to provide information about the page to search engines and browsers.

• Meta tags are placed in the head section of an HTML document.

• Common types of meta tags include meta description, meta keywords, and meta viewport.

• Meta description provides a brief summary of the webpage's content.

• Meta keywords are used to specify keywords relevant to the webpage's content.

• Meta viewport controls the layout and scalin...read more

Margin is the space outside an element, while padding is the space inside an element.

• Margin is used to create space between elements, while padding is used to create space within an element.

• Margin affects the positioning of an element in relation to other elements, while padding affects the content within an element.

• Negative margin can be used to overlap elements, while negative padding is not possible.

• Margin is transparent, while padding inherits the background color of the ...read more

To include Bootstrap into an HTML document, link the Bootstrap CSS and JavaScript files in the head section.

• Download the Bootstrap CSS and JavaScript files from the official website.

• Place the CSS file link inside the head section using the link tag.

• Place the JavaScript file link at the end of the body section using the script tag.

• Ensure the file paths are correct and relative to the HTML document.

To declare a variable in JavaScript, use the 'var', 'let', or 'const' keyword followed by the variable name.

• Use 'var' to declare a variable with function scope

• Use 'let' to declare a variable with block scope

• Use 'const' to declare a constant variable

• Example: var age = 25; let name = 'John'; const PI = 3.14;

Achieve responsiveness in web page by using media queries, flexible layouts, and fluid images.

• Use CSS media queries to apply different styles based on screen size

• Create flexible layouts using CSS Grid or Flexbox

• Use relative units like percentages and ems instead of fixed pixels

• Optimize images for different screen sizes using srcset and sizes attributes

• Test responsiveness across different devices and browsers

CSS box model is a design concept that describes how elements are rendered on a web page.

• The CSS box model consists of four main components: content, padding, border, and margin.

• The content area is where the actual content of the element is displayed.

• Padding is the space between the content and the border.

• Border is a line that surrounds the padding and content.

• Margin is the space between the border and other elements on the page.

• The width and height of an element are calculat...read more

Bootstrap grid system is a responsive grid system that allows developers to create responsive layouts for web pages.

• Bootstrap grid system is based on a 12-column layout.

• It uses CSS classes to define the layout structure.

• Developers can easily create responsive designs by utilizing the grid system.

• The grid system provides different classes for different screen sizes, such as 'col-sm' for small screens and 'col-lg' for large screens.

• Example:

  Content

Fill ratio is the percentage of array slots that are occupied by elements. Concurrency level is the estimated number of concurrently updating threads.

• Fill ratio is important for performance optimization and memory usage.

• Concurrency level determines the number of segments in the collection.

• Higher concurrency level can improve performance but also increases memory usage.

• Examples of concurrent collection frameworks include ConcurrentHashMap and ConcurrentLinkedQueue.

HashMap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and provides constant time complexity for basic operations.

• HashMap uses hashing to store and retrieve values based on their keys.

• It allows null values and one null key.

• Collisions are resolved by chaining or open addressing.

• The initial capacity and load factor can be specified during initialization.

• The internal array is resized when the load factor exceeds a threshold.

• The put() method adds a key-value pair to the map.

• The ...read more

StringBuffer is synchronized while StringBuilder is not.

• StringBuffer is thread-safe while StringBuilder is not.

• StringBuffer is slower than StringBuilder due to synchronization.

• StringBuilder is preferred for single-threaded operations.

• Both classes are used for manipulating strings.

• Example: StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

z-index is a CSS property that controls the stacking order of elements on a webpage.

• z-index determines which elements appear in front or behind other elements

• Higher z-index values bring elements to the front

• z-index only works on positioned elements (position: absolute, position: relative, or position: fixed)

• z-index can be positive, negative, or zero

• Elements with higher z-index values will overlap elements with lower values

Viewport is the visible area of a web page in a web browser.

• Viewport determines how much content can be seen without scrolling.

• It is defined by the size of the browser window.

• Viewport can be adjusted using meta tags in HTML.

• Responsive web design uses viewport to optimize layout for different devices.

Containers are lightweight, isolated environments that package software and its dependencies for easy deployment and scalability.

• Containers provide a consistent and reproducible environment for running applications.

• They encapsulate an application and its dependencies, including libraries, binaries, and configuration files.

• Containers are portable and can run on any system that supports containerization.

• They offer efficient resource utilization and isolation, allowing multiple ...read more

Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details and exposing only necessary information.

• Encapsulation is achieved through access modifiers like public, private, and protected.

• It helps in achieving data abstraction and information hiding.

• It prevents unauthorized access to the internal details of an object.

• Example: A class with private variables and public methods to access those variables.

• Example: A capsule that encloses medicine and only allows access through a ...read more

The entry point of a Java program, must be public, static, void and accept an array of strings as argument.

• public: accessible from anywhere in the program

• static: belongs to the class, not to an instance of the class

• void: does not return any value

• main: the name of the method that serves as the entry point of the program

• String[] args: an array of strings that can be used to pass arguments to the program

A thread is a lightweight process that can run concurrently with other threads within a program.

• Threads share the same memory space as the parent process.

• Threads can communicate with each other through shared memory.

• Threads can be created and managed using threading libraries in programming languages like Java and Python.