IG Group Technical Architect Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Explain SOLID design principla
Ans. 
SOLID is a set of five design principles to make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable.
• S - Single Responsibility Principle: A class should have only one reason to change.

• O - Open/Closed Principle: Objects should be open for extension but closed for modification.

• L - Liskov Substitution Principle: Objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without affecting the...read more
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Q1. What is CQRS pattern
Ans. 
CQRS pattern separates read and write operations in an application
• CQRS stands for Command Query Responsibility Segregation

• It separates the read and write operations into two different models

• Commands are used for write operations, while queries are used for read operations

• Helps in scaling and improving performance by optimizing each model separately
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Q1. Patters for microservice communication
Ans. 
Patterns for microservice communication involve synchronous and asynchronous methods to ensure reliable and efficient communication.
• Use synchronous communication for simple interactions between services, such as REST APIs.

• Implement asynchronous communication for more complex interactions, like message queues or event-driven architecture.

• Consider using a combination of both synchronous and asynchronous communication dep...read more
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Q1. Recursion program
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Q2. System Design questions based on current project
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Q3. Micro service design patterns
Ans. 
Micro service design patterns are architectural patterns used to design and implement microservices.
• Service discovery

• Circuit breaker

• API gateway

• Event sourcing

• Saga pattern
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Q1. What is dependency injection?
Ans. 
Dependency injection is a design pattern in which components are given their dependencies rather than creating them internally.
• Dependency injection helps in achieving loose coupling between classes.

• It allows for easier testing by mocking dependencies.

• There are three types of dependency injection: constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection.

• Example: Instead of a class creating an instance of another...read more
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Q2. What is app.use in .net core?
Ans. 
app.use in .NET Core is used to add middleware to the request pipeline.
• app.use is a method used in ASP.NET Core to add middleware components to the request pipeline.

• Middleware components are software components that are executed in the request pipeline to handle requests and responses.

• Middleware components can perform tasks such as authentication, logging, error handling, and more.

• Example: app.use(new MiddlewareCompone
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Q3. What is difference between Interface and abstract class?
Ans. 
Interface is a contract that defines the methods a class must implement, while abstract class can have both abstract and concrete methods.
• Interface cannot have any implementation, while abstract class can have both abstract and concrete methods.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Interfaces are used to achieve multiple inheritance in Java, while abstract classes are us...read more
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Q4. Boxing Unboxing
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Q5. ArrayList and List
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Q6. Can abstract class instantiated?
Ans. 
No, abstract classes cannot be instantiated.
• Abstract classes are meant to be inherited and extended by other classes.

• Attempting to instantiate an abstract class will result in a compilation error.

• Abstract classes can have abstract methods that must be implemented by the subclass.
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Q7. How to optimize react application?
Ans. 
Optimizing a React application involves code splitting, lazy loading, minimizing bundle size, using memoization, and optimizing render performance.
• Implement code splitting to load only necessary code for each route or component.

• Utilize lazy loading to defer loading of non-essential components until they are needed.

• Minimize bundle size by removing unused code, optimizing images, and using tree shaking.

• Use memoization te...read more
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Q8. Props destructuring?
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Q9. Parent child component communication in react?
Ans. 
Parent child component communication in React involves passing data from parent to child components and triggering events from child to parent components.
• Use props to pass data from parent to child components

• Use callback functions to trigger events from child to parent components

• Context API can be used for passing data to deeply nested components
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Q10. What is useRef, useMemo, useCallback?
Ans. 
useRef is used to persist a value across renders, useMemo is used to memoize expensive calculations, useCallback is used to memoize functions.
• useRef is commonly used to access DOM elements or persist values between renders.

• useMemo is used to memoize expensive calculations to avoid re-computation.

• useCallback is used to memoize functions to prevent unnecessary re-renders.

• Example: useRef can be used to store a reference t...read more
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Q1. Core java related questions
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Q2. Sql how to remove duplicate record from table?
Ans. 
Use a SELECT statement with a GROUP BY clause to remove duplicate records from a table.
• Use the DISTINCT keyword in a SELECT statement to retrieve unique records.

• Use the GROUP BY clause with appropriate columns to group duplicate records together.

• Consider using the ROW_NUMBER() function to assign a unique number to each row and then filter out duplicates based on this number.
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Q1. Career asipiration
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Q1. Salary expectations
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

test timing: 7-8 pm
2 programming questions
webcam proctored

Q1. 
Minimum Cost to Reach End Problem
You are provided with an array ARR of integers of size 'N' and an integer 'K'. The goal is to move from the starting index to the end of the array with the minimum possib...read more
Ans. 
Find minimum cost to reach end of array by jumping with constraints
• Use dynamic programming to keep track of minimum cost at each index

• Iterate through the array and update the minimum cost based on reachable indices within K steps

• Calculate cost to jump from current index to reachable indices and update minimum cost accordingly
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Q1. 
Palindrome String Validation
Determine if a given string 'S' is a palindrome, considering only alphanumeric characters and ignoring spaces and symbols.
Note:
The string 'S' should be evaluated in a case...read more
Ans. 
The task is to check whether a given string is a palindrome or not, considering only alphabets and numbers and ignoring symbols and whitespaces.
• Convert the string to lowercase and remove all symbols and whitespaces.

• Reverse the modified string and compare it with the original string.

• If they are equal, then the string is a palindrome.

• If not, then the string is not a palindrome.
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Q2. 
Square Root (Integral) Problem Statement
Given a number N, calculate its square root and output the integer part only.
Example:
Input:
18
Output:
4
Explanation:
The square root of 18 is approximate...read more
Ans. 
The task is to find the integral part of the square root of a given number.
• Use the built-in square root function to find the square root of the number.

• Convert the result to an integer by rounding down or using the floor function.

• Print the integer part of the square root as the output.
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Q3. 
Min Steps to One Using Dynamic Programming
Given a positive integer N, your task is to determine the minimum number of steps required to reduce N to 1.
Allowed Operations:
1) Subtract 1 from it: n = n -...read more
Ans. 
The task is to find the minimum number of steps required to reduce a positive integer to 1 using three given operations.
• Use dynamic programming to solve the problem efficiently.

• Create an array to store the minimum steps required for each number from 1 to N.

• Iterate from 2 to N and calculate the minimum steps for each number based on the three operations.

• Return the minimum steps for N.
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

They started Fundamentals of OOP- Inheritance, Polymorphism

Q1. 
Maximum Subarray Sum Problem Statement
Given an array of integers, determine the maximum possible sum of any contiguous subarray within the array.
Example:
Input:
array = [34, -50, 42, 14, -5, 86]
Out...read more
Ans. 
The maximum sum of any contiguous subarray in an array is found using Kadane's algorithm in O(N) time.
• Initialize two variables, maxSum and currentSum, both set to the first element of the array.

• Iterate through the array from the second element.

• For each element, update currentSum by adding the element to it.

• If currentSum becomes negative, reset it to 0.

• If currentSum is greater than maxSum, update maxSum.

• After iterating ...read more
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Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Some people had two HR interviews but I only had one and interview went up till 11:30 pm and you get only 5-10 minutes to prepare for HR on Zoom

Market entry case of an airline cobrand card

Estimate the size of tea market in india