IBM Backend Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Asynchronous and synchronous are programming concepts that determine how tasks are executed.

• Synchronous tasks are executed one after the other, in a sequential manner.

• Asynchronous tasks can be executed simultaneously, without waiting for the previous task to complete.

• Synchronous tasks are easier to understand and debug, while asynchronous tasks are more efficient and can improve performance.

• Examples of synchronous tasks include reading a file or waiting for user input, while ...read more

Class inheritance allows a subclass to inherit properties and methods from a superclass.

• Subclass can access all public and protected members of superclass.

• Subclass can override methods of superclass.

• Example: Animal class can be superclass, with Dog and Cat classes as subclasses inheriting properties and methods.

A loop can be found by iterating over a collection of elements repeatedly until a certain condition is met.

• Iterate over a collection of elements using for loop, while loop, or foreach loop

• Check for a condition to determine when to exit the loop

• Examples: for(int i=0; i

Structure padding is the process of adding empty bytes to a structure to align its data members on memory boundaries.

• Padding is added to ensure that each data member in a structure starts at a memory address that is a multiple of its size.

• Padding is necessary for performance optimization and to prevent memory access violations.

• For example, if a structure has a char followed by an int, padding may be added between them to align the int on a 4-byte boundary.

A translation unit is a source file along with all the headers and source files included in it.

• Translation unit is the smallest unit of compilation in C++.

• It consists of a source file and all the header files and source files included in it.

• Each translation unit is compiled separately before being linked together.

• Translation units help in organizing and modularizing code.

• Example: If a.cpp includes b.h and c.cpp, then the translation unit for a.cpp would consist of a.cpp, b.h,...read more