20+ BSW Soft Interview Questions and Answers

Delta-delta and star-delta transformers are two different configurations used in power distribution systems.

• Delta-delta transformer has all three windings connected in delta configuration, providing isolation and no phase shift.

• Star-delta transformer has primary winding connected in star configuration and secondary winding in delta configuration, used for step-up applications.

• Delta-delta transformer is used for distribution systems with balanced loads, while star-delta transf...read more

Unilateral circuit has one active component while bilateral circuit has two active components.

• Unilateral circuit has one-way flow of current, while bilateral circuit allows current to flow in both directions.

• Unilateral circuit has one active component like diode, while bilateral circuit has two active components like transistor.

• Examples of unilateral circuits include diode rectifiers, while examples of bilateral circuits include transistors used in amplifiers.

Digital circuits operate using discrete voltage levels, while analog circuits operate using continuous voltage levels.

• Digital circuits use binary signals (0s and 1s) to represent information, while analog circuits use continuous signals to represent information.

• Digital circuits are more immune to noise and interference compared to analog circuits.

• Examples of digital circuits include logic gates, flip-flops, and microprocessors, while examples of analog circuits include amplif...read more

NPN and PNP transistors are two types of bipolar junction transistors commonly used in electronic circuits.

• NPN transistor has a layer of P-type semiconductor sandwiched between two layers of N-type semiconductor.

• PNP transistor has a layer of N-type semiconductor sandwiched between two layers of P-type semiconductor.

• NPN transistor is commonly used for amplification and switching applications.

• PNP transistor is commonly used for amplification and switching applications as well.

• B...read more

Conductors allow the flow of electric current, while resistors limit the flow of electric current.

• Conductors have low resistance and allow the flow of electric current easily.

• Resistors have high resistance and limit the flow of electric current.

• Examples of conductors include metals like copper and aluminum.

• Examples of resistors include carbon composition resistors and wire wound resistors.

Generator produces DC current while alternator produces AC current.

• Generator uses commutator and brushes while alternator uses slip rings and brushes.

• Generator has a stationary magnetic field and rotating conductor while alternator has a rotating magnetic field and stationary conductor.

• Generator is simpler in construction compared to alternator.

• Examples: A car alternator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy to charge the battery. A portable generator produces ele...read more

Inductor stores energy in the form of magnetic field, while capacitor stores energy in the form of electric field.

• Inductor resists changes in current flow, while capacitor resists changes in voltage.

• Inductor has a coil of wire, while capacitor has two conductive plates separated by an insulator.

• Inductor is used in filters, transformers, and motors, while capacitor is used in filters, timing circuits, and power factor correction.

• Inductor is measured in Henry (H), while capacit...read more

Synchronous communication is real-time, while asynchronous communication is not time-bound.

• Synchronous communication happens in real-time, where both parties are actively participating at the same time.

• Asynchronous communication does not require both parties to be active simultaneously, allowing for delays in responses.

• Examples of synchronous communication include phone calls and video chats, while emails and text messages are examples of asynchronous communication.

NPN and PNP transistors are two types of bipolar junction transistors with different polarities.

• NPN transistor has a layer of P-type semiconductor sandwiched between two layers of N-type semiconductor, while PNP transistor has a layer of N-type semiconductor sandwiched between two layers of P-type semiconductor.

• In NPN transistor, current flows from the collector to the emitter when a small current is applied to the base, while in PNP transistor, current flows from the emitter...read more

Diodes are used in electrical circuits to allow current to flow in one direction only, acting as a one-way valve for electricity.

• Diodes are commonly used in rectifier circuits to convert AC to DC power.

• They are also used in voltage regulation circuits to maintain a constant output voltage.

• Diodes can be used for signal demodulation in communication systems.

• They are used in protection circuits to prevent damage from reverse voltage or voltage spikes.

• LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes)...read more

An ideal voltage source is a theoretical concept in electrical engineering that provides a constant voltage regardless of the current flowing through it.

• An ideal voltage source has zero internal resistance, meaning it can provide the specified voltage without any voltage drop.

• It is able to deliver any amount of current without changing its output voltage.

• Examples of ideal voltage sources include batteries in theory, as they are designed to provide a constant voltage until the...read more

An inductor is a passive electronic component that stores energy in a magnetic field when current flows through it.

• Inductors are typically made of a coil of wire wound around a core material.

• They resist changes in current flow, causing a delay in the current's response to changes in voltage.

• Inductors are commonly used in electronic circuits to filter out noise, store energy, and create magnetic fields.

• Examples of inductors include solenoids, transformers, and chokes.

Active networks require power to operate and can amplify signals, while passive networks do not require power and do not amplify signals.

• Active networks require power source for operation

• Passive networks do not require power source

• Active networks can amplify signals

• Passive networks do not amplify signals

• Examples: Active network - Amplifiers, Passive network - Filters

An alternator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy in the form of alternating current.

• Alternators are commonly used in vehicles to charge the battery and power the electrical system.

• They work on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where a rotating magnetic field induces an alternating current in the stator windings.

• Alternators produce AC voltage which is then converted to DC voltage using a rectifier for use in the vehicle's electrical sy...read more

An inverter is an electronic device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) for various applications.

• Converts DC power to AC power

• Used in solar power systems to convert DC electricity from solar panels to usable AC electricity

• Found in uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) to provide backup power during outages

• Commonly used in electric vehicles to convert DC power from the battery to AC power for the motor

Power factor is a measure of how effectively electrical power is being used in a circuit.

• Power factor is the ratio of real power (kW) to apparent power (kVA) in an electrical circuit.

• It indicates how efficiently electrical power is being converted into useful work output.

• A power factor of 1 indicates all the power is being used effectively, while a power factor less than 1 indicates some power is being wasted.

• Power factor can be improved by using power factor correction devic...read more

A zener diode is a type of diode that allows current to flow in the reverse direction when a certain voltage is reached.

• Zener diodes are designed to operate in the breakdown region, where they have a controlled reverse bias voltage.

• They are commonly used in voltage regulation circuits to maintain a constant output voltage.

• Zener diodes have a sharp breakdown voltage, making them useful for protecting circuits from overvoltage spikes.

• Example: 1N4733A is a popular zener diode wi...read more

A two-phase motor is a type of electric motor that operates on two phases of alternating current.

• Two-phase motors are less common than three-phase motors but can be used in certain applications.

• They are typically used in smaller motors or in situations where three-phase power is not available.

• Two-phase motors have two windings that are 90 degrees apart, creating a rotating magnetic field.

• Examples of two-phase motors include shaded pole motors and split-phase motors.

A three phase motor is an electric motor that operates on three phase power, commonly used in industrial applications.

• Three phase motors have three sets of windings that are spaced 120 degrees apart.

• They are more efficient and have a higher power-to-weight ratio compared to single phase motors.

• Common types of three phase motors include induction motors, synchronous motors, and brushless DC motors.