Explain the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList in Java. ArrayList is implemented as a dynamic array, while LinkedList is a doubly linked list. ArrayList provides fast random access (O(1) complexity) but slow insertions/deletions in the middle (O(n)). LinkedList allows fast insertions/deletions (O(1) at head/tail) but slow random access (O(n)). ArrayList is preferred when frequent retrieval operations are required. LinkedList is suitable when frequent insertions/deletions are needed. Memory overhead is higher in LinkedList due to additional pointers. ArrayList resizes dynamically when full, whereas LinkedList always grows dynamically. Iteration in ArrayList is faster due to better cache locality. Which one would you choose in a real-world scenario, and why?

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ArrayList is preferred for frequent retrieval operations, while LinkedList is suitable for frequent insertions/deletions.

Use ArrayList when you need fast random access and retrieval operations, such as searching for elements in a list.
Choose LinkedList when you need fast insertions/deletions, especially at the beginning or end of the list.
Consider memory overhead and performance trade-offs when deciding between ArrayList and LinkedList.
For example, if you have a list of student records that need to be searched frequently, ArrayList would be a better choice. On the other hand, if you are implementing a queue where elements are constantly added and removed, LinkedList might be more efficient.

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