10+ Interview Questions and Answers

OOP is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code to manipulate that data.

• Encapsulation: bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (object)

• Inheritance: allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class

• Polymorphism: ability for objects to be treated as instances of their parent class or their own class

• Abstraction: hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary ...read more

XPaths are used to locate elements on a website by defining the path of the element in the HTML structure.

• XPaths can be used to locate elements based on their attributes, such as id, class, name, etc.

• Absolute XPaths start with a single forward slash (/) and specify the complete path from the root element.

• Relative XPaths start with a double forward slash (//) and specify the path from the current node.

• Example: //input[@id='username'] - locates an input element with id 'usernam...read more

TestNG annotations are used to control the flow of test methods and provide additional information about the test methods.

• TestNG annotations are used to mark methods as test methods, setup methods, teardown methods, etc.

• Examples of TestNG annotations include @Test, @BeforeMethod, @AfterMethod, @BeforeClass, @AfterClass, @BeforeSuite, @AfterSuite, etc.

• TestNG framework is a testing framework inspired by JUnit and NUnit, but introduces some new functionalities like grouping, par...read more

Agile methodologies are iterative approaches to software development that prioritize flexibility and collaboration.

• Agile methodologies involve breaking down projects into smaller, manageable tasks called user stories.

• Key agile ceremonies include daily stand-up meetings, sprint planning meetings, sprint reviews, and sprint retrospectives.

• Daily stand-up meetings are brief check-ins where team members discuss what they worked on yesterday, what they plan to work on today, and an...read more

I have encountered exceptions like NoSuchElementException, ElementNotVisibleException, TimeoutException, StaleElementReferenceException, and InvalidSelectorException.

• NoSuchElementException occurs when an element could not be found in the DOM.

• ElementNotVisibleException is thrown when an element is present in the DOM but not visible on the page.

• TimeoutException is raised when a command does not complete in the specified time.

• StaleElementReferenceException occurs when the elemen...read more

I have used Jira, Bugzilla, and HP Quality Center for defect tracking in my projects.

• Jira

• Bugzilla

• HP Quality Center

I have used frameworks such as Selenium, JUnit, TestNG, and Cucumber in my projects.

• Selenium

• JUnit

• TestNG

• Cucumber

Program to check if a string is a palindrome or not.

• Create a function that takes a string as input

• Remove all non-alphanumeric characters and convert to lowercase

• Compare the string with its reverse to check if it's a palindrome

Cucumber framework can be run parallelly using tools like TestNG or JUnit.

• Use TestNG or JUnit to run cucumber tests in parallel

• Configure test runners to run tests in parallel

• Use Maven or Gradle to manage dependencies and run tests

Core Java is the foundation of Java programming language, while collections in Java are data structures used to store and manipulate groups of objects.

• Core Java includes concepts like OOP, inheritance, polymorphism, and exception handling.

• Collections in Java provide interfaces like List, Set, and Map for storing and manipulating data.

• Examples of collections in Java include ArrayList, HashSet, and HashMap.

Lambda expressions in Java 8 provide a concise way to represent anonymous functions.

• Lambda expressions are used to provide implementation of functional interfaces.

• They enable functional programming in Java by treating functionality as a method argument.

• Syntax of lambda expressions is (argument) -> (body).

• Example: (int a, int b) -> a + b

Types of waits in Selenium include Implicit Wait, Explicit Wait, and Fluent Wait.

• Implicit Wait: Waits for a certain amount of time before throwing a NoSuchElementException.

• Explicit Wait: Waits for a certain condition to occur before proceeding further in the code.

• Fluent Wait: Waits for a condition to be true with a defined polling frequency.

• Example: driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

I have used a variety of tools including IDEs, version control systems, and testing frameworks.

• IDEs: Eclipse, Visual Studio, IntelliJ IDEA

• Version Control Systems: Git, SVN

• Testing Frameworks: JUnit, Selenium

• Build Tools: Maven, Gradle

• Debugging Tools: Chrome DevTools, Firebug

• Collaboration Tools: JIRA, Trello

MVVM Architecture is a design pattern that separates the user interface from the business logic and data model.

• Model - Represents the data and business logic

• View - Represents the UI components

• ViewModel - Acts as a mediator between the Model and View, handling communication and data binding

Fragments are modular sections of an activity's user interface that can be combined to create a multi-pane UI.

• Fragments allow for more modular and reusable UI components in Android development.

• They can be added, removed, replaced, and animated within an activity.

• Fragments are commonly used in creating responsive layouts for different screen sizes.

• Example: A news app may use a fragment for the list of articles and another fragment for displaying the selected article.