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30+ Efftronics Systems Interview Questions and Answers

Updated 15 Dec 2024

Q1. Design the components which are involved in the internal logic circuit of a 7-segment display based on the provided circuit ?

Ans.

Components involved in the internal logic circuit of a 7-segment display include decoder, driver, and individual LED segments.

  • Decoder: Converts input signals into the appropriate output signals for each segment.

  • Driver: Amplifies the output signals from the decoder to drive the LED segments.

  • Individual LED segments: Represent each of the seven segments in the display.

  • Example: BCD to 7-segment decoder, transistor driver circuit, LED segments.

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Q2. When 2 trains move in opposite directions , what point will they meet at different speeds? And related questions

Ans.

The trains will meet at a point that is determined by the relative speeds of the trains.

  • The point where the trains meet is determined by the sum of the distances traveled by each train.

  • The time taken for the trains to meet is determined by the relative speeds of the trains.

  • If Train A is traveling at 50 mph and Train B is traveling at 70 mph, they will meet at a point that is closer to Train B's starting point.

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Q3. design specifications for creating a vending machine using a microcontroller, incorporating the display of amounts with two 7-segment displays and including four to five additional operational conditions?

Ans.

Design a vending machine using a microcontroller with two 7-segment displays and additional operational conditions.

  • Use a microcontroller to control the vending machine's operations

  • Incorporate two 7-segment displays to show the amounts

  • Include four to five additional operational conditions such as low inventory alert, coin validation, product selection, etc.

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Q4. Write an assembly language program for reversing a byte for a hexadecimal value ? ex: A3 hexadecimal needs to converted to C5 when reversed .

Ans.

Assembly language program to reverse a byte for a hexadecimal value.

  • Load the hexadecimal value into a register

  • Extract the lower 4 bits and upper 4 bits of the byte

  • Swap the lower and upper 4 bits

  • Combine the swapped bits to get the reversed byte

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Q5. Write an assembly language program for displaying a square waves for the frequency of 1 Hz and 2 Hz with the 2 ports .

Ans.

Assembly language program to display square waves for 1 Hz and 2 Hz using 2 ports.

  • Use assembly language instructions to control the ports for outputting square waves.

  • Set up a loop to toggle the ports at the desired frequencies to generate the square waves.

  • Ensure proper timing and synchronization between the two square waves.

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Q6. Digital Electronics - FSM based design Programs - Generate square wave with 1KHz and 2KHz frequency on ports P1,P2 Prime number code and optimise it using any algorithm

Ans.

Design FSM to generate square waves at 1KHz and 2KHz on ports P1 and P2, optimize prime number code.

  • Implement a Finite State Machine (FSM) to generate square waves at 1KHz and 2KHz on ports P1 and P2.

  • Use counters and timers to control the frequency of the square waves.

  • Optimize the prime number code by using algorithms like Sieve of Eratosthenes or trial division.

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Q7. What will resistances connected to a source of voltage in series do? ...

Ans.

Resistances connected in series to a voltage source will reduce the current flowing through the circuit.

  • Resistances in series add up to increase the total resistance of the circuit.

  • This results in a decrease in current flowing through the circuit.

  • The voltage drop across each resistance will be proportional to its resistance value.

  • This principle is used in voltage dividers and current limiting circuits.

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Q8. What is life according to you ?

Ans.

Life is a journey filled with experiences, challenges, growth, and opportunities for self-discovery.

  • Life is a precious gift that should be cherished and lived to the fullest

  • It involves constant learning, adapting, and evolving as individuals

  • Life is about forming meaningful relationships and connections with others

  • It includes pursuing passions, setting goals, and overcoming obstacles

  • Life is a balance of joy and sorrow, success and failure, love and loss

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Q9. Does education help you to earn money ?

Ans.

Education can help individuals earn money by providing them with valuable skills, knowledge, and opportunities for career advancement.

  • Education can lead to higher paying job opportunities

  • Specialized education or training can result in higher salaries

  • Education can also lead to promotions and career advancement

  • Higher levels of education are often correlated with higher earning potential

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Q10. Convert hexadecimal to decimal ?

Ans.

Hexadecimal to decimal conversion involves multiplying each digit by 16 raised to the power of its position.

  • Start from the rightmost digit and multiply each digit by 16 raised to the power of its position (0-indexed).

  • Add the results of each multiplication to get the decimal equivalent.

  • For example, converting 0x1A to decimal: (1 * 16^1) + (10 * 16^0) = 26.

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Q11. Design a digital circuit to control the tail lights of a car according to some given specifications

Ans.

Design a digital circuit to control car tail lights based on specifications

  • Use microcontroller to receive input signals from car's sensors

  • Implement logic to determine when to turn on/off tail lights (e.g. based on brake pedal or light sensor)

  • Connect output of microcontroller to control the tail lights

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Q12. difference between micro processor and micro controller?

Ans.

Microprocessor is a general-purpose computing device while microcontroller is a specialized computing device with built-in memory and peripherals.

  • Microprocessor is used in devices like computers, smartphones, and tablets.

  • Microcontroller is used in devices like microwaves, washing machines, and remote controls.

  • Microprocessor requires external memory and peripherals to function.

  • Microcontroller has built-in memory and peripherals like timers, ADC, and UART.

  • Microprocessor is more...read more

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Q13. What are passive and active electrical components? ...

Ans.

Passive components do not require an external power source, while active components do.

  • Passive components include resistors, capacitors, and inductors.

  • Active components include transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits.

  • Passive components can only attenuate signals, while active components can amplify and switch signals.

  • Passive components are simpler and cheaper than active components.

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Q14. use and function of half and full wave rectifier?

Ans.

Half and full wave rectifiers are electronic circuits used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).

  • Half wave rectifier allows current flow only during positive half cycles of the input AC signal.

  • Full wave rectifier allows current flow during both positive and negative half cycles of the input AC signal.

  • Half wave rectifier has lower efficiency compared to full wave rectifier.

  • Full wave rectifier produces smoother output compared to half wave rectifier.

  • Example...read more

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Q15. One input put is High than output will be high which gate?

Ans.

The gate is an OR gate.

  • An OR gate produces a high output if any of its inputs are high.

  • It follows the logic of 'if A or B or C is high, then the output is high'.

  • Examples of OR gates include the 7402 IC and the OR gate symbol in digital circuit diagrams.

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Q16. How to use in multimeter in digital circuits to measure?

Ans.

A multimeter can be used in digital circuits to measure voltage, current, and resistance.

  • Set the multimeter to the appropriate mode (voltage, current, or resistance)

  • Connect the multimeter probes to the circuit

  • Read the measurement value on the multimeter display

  • Example: To measure voltage, set the multimeter to voltage mode, connect the probes across the component or circuit, and read the voltage value on the display

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Q17. One input is complicate than output will high which gate?

Ans.

The gate that has a more complex input than output is the NAND gate.

  • NAND gate has an output that is high only when both inputs are low.

  • It is considered more complex because it combines the functions of an AND gate and a NOT gate.

  • Other gates like AND, OR, and XOR have simpler input-output relationships.

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Q18. Least corrent will flow through the which component?

Ans.

The least current will flow through the component with the highest resistance.

  • Current follows the path of least resistance

  • Ohm's Law states V=IR, so higher resistance results in lower current flow

  • Examples: resistors, insulators

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Q19. count the number of occurences in program in c .

Ans.

Use a loop to iterate through the array and count the occurrences of a specific element.

  • Initialize a counter variable to keep track of the occurrences.

  • Use a loop to iterate through the array.

  • Check each element in the array and increment the counter if it matches the specific element.

  • Return the final count of occurrences.

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Q20. Explain working of full wave rectifier

Ans.

Full wave rectifier converts AC to DC by using both halves of the input waveform.

  • Uses four diodes to rectify both positive and negative half cycles of AC signal

  • Produces a pulsating DC output with a frequency twice that of input AC signal

  • Filtering is required to smoothen the output waveform

  • Efficiency is higher than half wave rectifier

  • Used in power supplies, battery chargers, and welding machines

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Q21. write program on Fibonacci numbers for 1 to n in C

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Q22. How to connect ammeter in circuits

Ans.

An ammeter is connected in series with the circuit to measure the current flowing through it.

  • Connect the positive terminal of the ammeter to the positive terminal of the power source.

  • Connect the negative terminal of the ammeter to the load or component where you want to measure the current.

  • Ensure that the ammeter is capable of measuring the expected current range to avoid damaging it.

  • Avoid connecting the ammeter directly across the power source as it may cause a short circuit...read more

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Q23. Which qualifications does require for R@d

Ans.

Qualifications required for R&D vary depending on the industry and specific job role.

  • A degree in a relevant field such as engineering, science, or technology

  • Experience in research and development

  • Strong analytical and problem-solving skills

  • Excellent communication and teamwork abilities

  • Familiarity with industry-specific regulations and standards

  • Examples: PhD in Chemistry, Bachelor's in Mechanical Engineering, experience in developing software applications

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Q24. difference between embedded programming and general programming

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Q25. what is operating system

Ans.

An operating system is a software that manages computer hardware and provides services for computer programs.

  • Manages computer hardware resources such as CPU, memory, and storage

  • Provides a user interface for interacting with the computer

  • Supports running applications and managing processes

  • Examples include Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android

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Q26. Efficient c program to check a prime number

Ans.

A prime number checking program in C language

  • Take input from user

  • Loop through 2 to n/2 and check if n is divisible by any number

  • If not divisible, then it is a prime number

  • Print the result

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Q27. What is the difference between resistor and resistance

Ans.

A resistor is an electronic component that limits the flow of electric current, while resistance is the measure of opposition to current flow.

  • Resistor is a physical component made of materials like carbon or metal, while resistance is a property of a material to resist the flow of electricity.

  • Resistor is measured in ohms (Ω), while resistance is also measured in ohms.

  • Resistors are used in electronic circuits to control current flow, while resistance is inherent in all materia...read more

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Q28. difference between microprocessors and microcontrollers

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Q29. The high currents will be flow in___?

Ans.

High currents will flow in conductive materials.

  • High currents flow through materials with low resistance.

  • Conductive materials such as metals allow high currents to pass through them.

  • Examples of conductive materials include copper, aluminum, and silver.

  • High currents are commonly found in electrical circuits and power transmission systems.

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Q30. what is firmware?

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Q31. what fsm? what is its uses?

Ans.

FSM stands for Finite State Machine, used to model the behavior of systems with a finite number of states.

  • FSM is a mathematical model used to represent the behavior of systems with a finite number of states and transitions between those states.

  • It is commonly used in computer science, control engineering, and other fields to design and analyze systems.

  • Examples of FSM applications include traffic light controllers, vending machines, and protocol implementations in networking.

  • FS...read more

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Q32. what is conditional stable?

Ans.

Conditional stability refers to a system or process that remains stable under certain conditions or constraints.

  • Conditional stability is when a system or process is stable only under specific conditions or constraints.

  • For example, a bridge may be conditionally stable if it can withstand a certain weight limit but not beyond that.

  • In software engineering, a program may be conditionally stable if it functions correctly only under certain input parameters.

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