20+ Cognizant Intern Interview Questions and Answers

Find the maximum difference between any two elements in an array and determine if it is even or odd.

• Iterate through the array to find the maximum and minimum elements

• Calculate the difference between the maximum and minimum elements

• Check if the difference is even or odd and return the result

I rate my programming skills at 8 out of 10.

• I have experience in multiple programming languages such as Java, Python, and C++.

• I have completed several projects including a web application and a mobile app.

• I am constantly learning and improving my skills through online courses and personal projects.

Printing the address of a variable without using a pointer can be done by using the & operator.

• Use the & operator before the variable name to print its address

• Example: int num = 10; printf("%p", &num);

• This will print the address of the variable num

Generalization and Specialization are two important concepts in DBMS.

• Generalization is the process of combining two or more entities into a higher-level entity.

• Specialization is the process of dividing a higher-level entity into two or more lower-level entities.

• Generalization is a top-down approach while specialization is a bottom-up approach.

• Generalization is used to represent a group of entities that share common attributes and relationships.

• Specialization is used to repres...read more

Index hunting is the process of finding the best index for a query to improve its performance.

• Index hunting involves analyzing the query and the database schema to determine the most efficient index to use.

• It can involve creating new indexes or modifying existing ones.

• For example, if a query frequently searches for a specific column, creating an index on that column can significantly improve performance.

• Index hunting is an important part of database optimization and can great...read more

Fill factor is the percentage of space on each leaf-level page to be filled with data.

• It determines how much data is written to a page during index creation or rebuild.

• It can improve performance by reducing page splits and fragmentation.

• The default value is 0, which means the page is filled to 100%.

• A fill factor of 80 means the page is filled to 80% and 20% is left empty for future growth.

Classful addressing uses fixed network sizes, while classless addressing allows for variable network sizes.

• Classful addressing divides IP addresses into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E.

• Classful addressing assumes that all networks within a class have the same network size.

• Classless addressing allows for more flexibility in network size and allows for the creation of subnets.

• Classless addressing is used in modern networks, while classful addressing is obsolete.

• Example of class...read more

Denormalization is the process of adding redundant data to improve query performance.

• It involves duplicating data in multiple tables to avoid joins and improve query speed.

• It can be useful in read-heavy applications where query performance is critical.

• Examples include adding a total sales column to a customer table instead of calculating it through joins.

• It can also involve flattening nested data structures to improve query performance.

• However, it can lead to data inconsisten...read more

Dynamic Loading allows loading of modules only when required, freeing up memory space.

• Dynamic Loading loads modules only when required, freeing up memory space.

• It allows for better memory utilization by loading only necessary modules.

• For example, in a web application, images can be loaded dynamically as the user scrolls down the page.

• This reduces the initial load time and improves the overall performance of the application.

Beams are structural elements that support loads by resisting bending.

• Beams are typically horizontal, but can also be vertical or diagonal.

• They are commonly made of wood, steel, or concrete.

• The shape and size of a beam depends on the load it needs to support and the span it needs to cover.

• Examples of beams include floor joists, roof trusses, and bridge girders.

IPv4 and IPv6 are internet protocol versions used to identify devices on a network.

• IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses and can support up to 4.3 billion unique addresses.

• IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses and can support an almost infinite number of unique addresses.

• IPv6 also includes features such as better security and improved routing.

• Both protocols are currently in use, but IPv6 is becoming more widely adopted as IPv4 addresses become scarce.

Memory allocation is the process of assigning memory space to programs or processes.

• Memory allocation is essential for programs to run efficiently.

• It involves reserving a block of memory for a program to use.

• There are different methods of memory allocation such as stack allocation and heap allocation.

• Examples of memory allocation functions in programming languages include malloc() in C and new operator in C++.

Segmentation is the process of dividing a larger market into smaller groups of consumers with similar needs or characteristics.

• Segmentation helps companies to better understand their target audience and create more effective marketing strategies.

• There are different types of segmentation such as demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioral.

• For example, a company may use demographic segmentation to target a specific age group or income level, or geographic segmentatio...read more

Turbines are machines that convert fluid energy into mechanical energy. There are four types of turbines: steam, gas, hydro, and wind.

• Turbines are used in power generation, aviation, and marine propulsion.

• Steam turbines are commonly used in power plants.

• Gas turbines are used in aviation and power generation.

• Hydro turbines are used in hydroelectric power plants.

• Wind turbines are used in wind farms to generate electricity.

• Turbines work by rotating blades that are attached to a ...read more

Inheritance, conditional statements, and arrays are fundamental concepts in programming.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.

• Conditional statements allow for decision-making in code based on certain conditions.

• Arrays are data structures that store a collection of elements of the same type.

• Types of arrays include one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and jagged arrays.

Paging is a memory management technique used by operating systems to manage memory usage.

• It involves dividing memory into fixed-size pages.

• Pages are loaded into physical memory as needed.

• Allows for more efficient use of memory and prevents fragmentation.

• Examples include demand paging and page replacement algorithms.

Thrashing is a phenomenon in computer systems where excessive paging or swapping occurs, resulting in decreased performance.

• Occurs when the system spends more time swapping pages than executing instructions

• Caused by insufficient memory or poorly optimized programs

• Can be identified by high disk activity and low CPU utilization

• Example: A computer running multiple memory-intensive applications simultaneously

There are different types of hard drives in computers, such as HDD (Hard Disk Drive) and SSD (Solid State Drive).

• HDD (Hard Disk Drive) uses spinning disks to store data

• SSD (Solid State Drive) uses flash memory for faster performance

• Hybrid drives combine HDD and SSD technologies for a balance of storage capacity and speed

Data types are classifications of data items based on their characteristics and properties.

• Data types determine the type of data that can be stored in a variable or used in an expression.

• Common data types include integers, floating-point numbers, characters, strings, and booleans.

• Data types can be categorized as primitive or non-primitive, depending on whether they are built-in or user-defined.

• Primitive data types include int, float, char, bool, while non-primitive data types...read more

Thrust is the force that propels an object forward.

• Thrust is a force that acts in the opposite direction to drag.

• It is commonly used in the context of propulsion systems, such as rockets and jet engines.

• Thrust can be measured in units of force, such as pounds or newtons.

• Examples of thrust include the force generated by a car's engine, the thrust of a rocket during liftoff, and the thrust of a swimmer's arms and legs through the water.

OOPs is a programming paradigm that focuses on objects and their interactions to solve problems.

• OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming.

• It emphasizes on encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details from the user.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.

• Polymorphism allows objects to take on multiple forms or behaviors.

• Examples of OOPs languages include Java, C++, and Pytho...read more

There are countless 2D patterns, ranging from simple geometric shapes to intricate designs.

• Some common 2D patterns include stripes, polka dots, chevron, herringbone, and plaid.

• Geometric patterns can include triangles, squares, circles, and hexagons.

• Floral patterns often feature flowers and leaves arranged in a repeating pattern.

• Tartan patterns are a type of plaid that originated in Scotland and are associated with different clans.

• Mosaic patterns are made up of small tiles or ...read more

Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system that can be seen and touched.

• Hardware includes components such as the CPU, memory, motherboard, graphics card, and storage devices.

• Examples of hardware are keyboards, monitors, printers, and scanners.

• Hardware can be classified as input devices, output devices, storage devices, and processing devices.

Tests are assessments or evaluations conducted to measure a person's knowledge, skills, or abilities.

• Tests can be used in various fields such as education, employment, and healthcare.

• Types of tests include multiple choice, essay, practical, and performance assessments.

• Tests can be standardized (e.g. SAT, GRE) or customized for specific purposes (e.g. job interviews).