HSBC Group Interview Questions and Answers

Design patterns are reusable solutions to commonly occurring problems in software design.

• Design patterns provide a standard terminology and a common platform for communication among developers.

• They help in making code more flexible, reusable, and maintainable.

• Examples of design patterns include Singleton, Factory, Observer, and Decorator patterns.

Asynchronous programming is a programming paradigm that allows multiple tasks to run concurrently without blocking the main thread.

• Asynchronous programming is achieved through the use of callbacks, promises, and async/await functions.

• It is commonly used in web development for handling user input and making API calls.

• Asynchronous programming can improve the performance and responsiveness of an application.

• Examples of asynchronous programming languages include JavaScript, Pytho...read more

Decorators are functions that modify the behavior of other functions or classes without changing their source code.

• Decorators are used to add functionality to existing code without modifying it.

• They are defined using the @ symbol followed by the decorator function name.

• Decorators can be used to add logging, caching, authentication, and other features to functions and classes.

• Examples of decorators in Python include @staticmethod, @classmethod, and @property.

Pub sub is short for publish-subscribe. It is a messaging pattern where senders of messages, called publishers, do not program the messages to be sent directly to specific receivers, called subscribers.

• Publishers send messages to a topic or channel without knowing who the subscribers are.

• Subscribers receive messages from the topic or channel they have subscribed to.

• Pub sub is commonly used in distributed systems and event-driven architectures.

• Examples of pub sub systems inclu...read more

Multithreading is the ability of a program to perform multiple tasks concurrently.

• Multithreading allows a program to utilize multiple CPUs or cores.

• It can improve performance and responsiveness of a program.

• Threads share the same memory space and can communicate with each other.

• Examples include web servers handling multiple requests simultaneously and video games rendering graphics while processing user input.