100+ CitiusTech Interview Questions and Answers

No, assigning null to an array makes it empty and its length becomes 0.

• Assigning null to an array makes it empty.

• The length of an empty array is 0.

• Trying to access length property of null will result in an error.

Manual testing is the process of manually testing software for defects, functionality, and usability.

• Manual testing involves testers executing test cases without the use of automation tools.

• It is a time-consuming process but allows for thorough testing of software.

• Testers document their findings and report any issues to the development team for resolution.

Answers to SQL-related questions for Senior Software Engineer position

• To see SQL sessions, use the sp_who2 stored procedure or the Activity Monitor in SQL Server Management Studio

• To store temporary data inside a stored procedure, use table variables or temporary tables

• Use temp tables when you need to store large amounts of data or when you need to perform complex joins or aggregations

• Index seek is a type of index access method that uses a seek operation to find the data, whil...read more

To scale up application, use load balancers and monitor logs to identify failures.

• Use load balancers to distribute traffic across multiple instances

• Monitor logs to identify where the failure occurred

• Implement fault tolerance and redundancy to prevent future failures

• Use auto-scaling to automatically add or remove instances based on traffic

• Real-world example: Amazon Web Services (AWS) uses load balancers and auto-scaling to handle millions of requests

• Code example: Use try-catch...read more

Count the frequency of each word in a given string.

• Split the string by spaces to get individual words.

• Use a hashmap to store each word and its frequency.

• Iterate through the words and update the hashmap accordingly.

• Print out the words and their frequencies in any order.

Answers to questions related to Performance Testing using JMeter

• Assertion in JMeter is used to validate the response of a request

• JMeter supports various protocols like HTTP, FTP, JDBC, etc.

• Hits per second is the number of requests sent to the server in a second

• Hits per second may become constant due to server limitations or network issues

• Sync testing involves waiting for a response before sending the next request, while async testing sends requests without waiting for a respo...read more

Reverse a given string and sort an array of strings.

• To reverse a string, iterate through the characters in reverse order and append them to a new string.

• To sort an array of strings, use Arrays.sort() method in Java.

• Example: String str = "hello"; String reversed = ""; for(int i=str.length()-1; i>=0; i--) { reversed += str.charAt(i); }

• Example: String[] arr = {"banana", "apple", "orange"}; Arrays.sort(arr);

Authentication in .NET involves using various authentication mechanisms such as Forms Authentication, Windows Authentication, and OAuth.

• Use Forms Authentication for web applications

• Use Windows Authentication for intranet applications

• Use OAuth for third-party authentication

• Implement authentication using ASP.NET Identity

• Use secure password storage mechanisms such as hashing and salting

Answering technical questions on Spring XML configuration, bean scopes, Agile method, prime numbers, and hashmap.

• To read property file from Spring XML configuration, use tag

• Bean scopes in Spring are singleton, prototype, request, session, and global-session

• Agile method is an iterative approach to software development

• Prime numbers are numbers that are only divisible by 1 and itself

• Internal working of hashmap involves hashing the key to get an index and storing the value at th...read more

A pipe is a feature in Angular that allows you to transform data before displaying it.

• Pipes are used in Angular templates with the '|' symbol.

• There are built-in pipes like 'uppercase' and 'date'.

• Custom pipes can be created using the 'Pipe' decorator and implementing the 'PipeTransform' interface.

• Custom pipes can take arguments to modify their behavior.

• Pipes can be chained together to perform multiple transformations on data.

SOLID principles are a set of five design principles in object-oriented programming to make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable.

• Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) - A class should have only one reason to change.

• Open/Closed Principle (OCP) - Software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification.

• Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) - Objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without affecting...read more

Null value in JavaScript represents absence of any object value.

• Null is a primitive value in JavaScript.

• It is assigned to a variable to indicate that it has no value.

• It is different from undefined, which means a variable has been declared but not assigned a value.

• Null is falsy in JavaScript, meaning it is considered false in a boolean context.

• Null can be used to clear the value of an object property.

A hashmap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and uses a hash function to map keys to their corresponding values.

• Hashmap uses a hash function to determine the index of the key-value pair in the underlying array.

• Collisions can occur when two keys hash to the same index, which is resolved using techniques like chaining or open addressing.

• Hashmap typically has an underlying array where each element is a linked list of key-value pairs with the same hash value.

• Retrievi...read more

I have worked with design patterns such as Singleton, Factory, Observer, and Strategy.

• Singleton pattern ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.

• Factory pattern creates objects without specifying the exact class of object that will be created.

• Observer pattern defines a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically.

• Strategy pattern defines a family...read more

I am proficient in Java, Python, and C++. I have 2 years of experience in software development. I have excellent communication skills for client interaction.

• Proficient in Java, Python, and C++

• 2 years of software development experience

• Excellent communication skills for client interaction

The position property values in CSS determine how an element is positioned in a document.

• static: default value, elements are positioned according to the normal flow of the document

• relative: positioned relative to its normal position

• absolute: positioned relative to the nearest positioned ancestor

• fixed: positioned relative to the viewport, does not move when scrolled

• sticky: acts like a combination of relative and fixed positioning

Decorators in JavaScript are functions that allow you to add new functionality to existing objects or functions.

• Function decorators: Functions that take another function as an argument and return a new function that adds some kind of behavior.

• Class decorators: Functions that are used to modify classes in JavaScript.

• Method decorators: Functions that are used to modify methods within a class.

• Property decorators: Functions that are used to modify properties within a class.

Java 8 features include lambda expressions, functional interfaces, streams, and default methods.

• Lambda expressions allow you to write code in a more concise and readable way.

• Functional interfaces enable the use of lambda expressions.

• Streams provide a way to work with collections of objects in a functional style.

• Default methods allow interfaces to have method implementations.

• Examples: Using lambda expressions to iterate over a list, using streams to filter and map data.

messageID is a unique identifier assigned to each HL7 message.

• messageID is typically found in the MSH segment of an HL7 message.

• It is used to uniquely identify each message within a system or network.

• messageID can be alphanumeric and is often generated by the sending system.

• It helps in tracking and managing messages in a healthcare environment.

I have worked on various message types including JSON, XML, SOAP, and REST.

• JSON - Used for data interchange between systems.

• XML - Used for defining document structures.

• SOAP - Used for communication between applications.

• REST - Used for building APIs and web services.

Junit test cases should always be re-run to ensure code quality and prevent regression.

• Junit test cases should be run after every code change.

• Test cases should cover all possible scenarios and edge cases.

• Test cases should be automated to save time and ensure consistency.

• Test cases should be reviewed and updated regularly.

• Regression testing should be performed to ensure new changes do not break existing functionality.

Dependency injection is a design pattern used in Angular to inject dependencies into a component or service.

• Dependency injection allows for loose coupling between components and services

• It makes testing easier by allowing for easy mocking of dependencies

• The constructor in a component class is used to inject dependencies

• Dependencies are specified in the constructor using TypeScript's parameter decorator syntax

Structural directives in Angular are used to modify the structure of the DOM by adding or removing elements based on conditions.

• Structural directives are preceded by an asterisk (*) in Angular templates.

• Common structural directives include *ngIf, *ngFor, and *ngSwitch.

• Example: <div *ngIf="condition">Content to show when condition is true</div>

Comparable is an interface used for natural ordering, while Comparator is an interface used for custom ordering in Java.

• Comparable interface is used to define the natural ordering of objects. It is implemented by the class whose objects are to be compared.

• Comparator interface is used to define custom ordering of objects. It is implemented by a separate class.

• Comparable interface has a single method, compareTo(), which compares the current object with another object.

• Comparator...read more

I have used various HTML attributes such as id, class, src, href, alt, style, etc.

• id

• class

• src

• href

• alt

• style

Azure and AWS are two major cloud service providers offering similar services but with some differences in features and pricing.

• AWS is the oldest and most widely used cloud service provider, while Azure is catching up quickly.

• Azure is known for its strong integration with Microsoft products and services, while AWS has a wider range of third-party integrations.

• AWS has a larger global presence with more data centers worldwide compared to Azure.

• Pricing models differ between the ...read more

Angular lifecycle hooks are methods that allow you to tap into the lifecycle of a component or directive.

• ngOnChanges - called when an input property changes

• ngOnInit - called once the component is initialized

• ngDoCheck - called during every change detection run

• ngAfterContentInit - called after content (ng-content) has been projected into the component

• ngAfterContentChecked - called after every check of the projected content

• ngAfterViewInit - called after the component's view has ...read more

Docker is a containerization platform that allows developers to package and deploy applications in a portable manner. Kubernetes is an orchestration tool that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

• Docker allows developers to create lightweight, portable containers that can run on any machine with Docker installed.

• Kubernetes provides a way to manage and orchestrate these containers, allowing for easy scaling and management of applicati...read more

Dependency injection is a design pattern where an object's dependencies are provided externally rather than created internally.

• Dependency injection helps to decouple components and make them more modular.

• It allows for easier testing and maintenance of code.

• There are three types of dependency injection: constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection.

• Example: Instead of creating a database connection object within a class, the object is passed in as a paramete...read more

LRU cache is a data structure that stores the most recently used items and removes the least recently used items when full.

• Use a doubly linked list to keep track of the order of items based on their usage.

• Use a hashmap to quickly access items in the cache.

• When an item is accessed, move it to the front of the linked list to mark it as the most recently used.

Switch-case can break the Open/Closed Principle by requiring modification of existing code for new cases.

• Switch-case statements violate the Open/Closed Principle, which states that classes should be open for extension but closed for modification.

• Adding a new case to a switch statement requires modifying the existing code, violating the principle of not modifying existing code.

• Instead of using switch-case, consider using polymorphism or the Strategy pattern to achieve the same...read more

Multithreading in Java allows for concurrent execution of multiple tasks, improving performance and responsiveness.

• 1. Improved performance by utilizing multiple CPU cores efficiently.

• 2. Enhanced responsiveness as tasks can run concurrently without blocking each other.

• 3. Simplified coding for complex tasks by breaking them into smaller threads.

• 4. Facilitates better resource utilization and scalability.

• 5. Examples: parallel processing in data analysis, handling multiple client ...read more

let, var and const are used to declare variables in JavaScript with different scoping rules and mutability.

• let and var are used to declare variables that can be reassigned later, but var has function scope while let has block scope.

• const is used to declare variables that cannot be reassigned and have block scope.

• Using const does not mean the value is immutable, only the variable reference is.

• let and const were introduced in ES6 while var has been around since the beginning of...read more

Specificity rules in CSS determine which styles are applied to an element when multiple conflicting styles are present.

• Specificity is calculated based on the type of selector used (ID, class, element) and the number of each type of selector.

• ID selectors have the highest specificity, followed by class selectors, and then element selectors.

• Inline styles have the highest specificity and will always override external stylesheets.

• Specificity is represented by a four-part value (a,...read more

Print FizzBuzz based on divisibility condition

• Loop through numbers 1 to n

• If number is divisible by 3, print 'Fizz'

• If number is divisible by 5, print 'Buzz'

• If number is divisible by both 3 and 5, print 'FizzBuzz'

• Else, print the number

Design patterns are reusable solutions to common problems in software design.

• Design patterns help in creating maintainable and scalable code.

• Examples include Singleton, Factory, Observer, and Strategy patterns.

• Singleton pattern ensures a class has only one instance.

• Factory pattern creates objects without specifying the exact class.

• Observer pattern defines a one-to-many dependency between objects.

• Strategy pattern defines a family of algorithms and encapsulates each one.

• Underst...read more

Use stream API to find sum of even numbers from a list

• Use filter to get only even numbers

• Use mapToInt to convert stream to IntStream

• Use sum() to get the sum of even numbers

Interview questions for Solution Engineer position in Xamarin

• Triggers are code blocks that execute when a specific event occurs. In Xamarin, we use triggers to perform actions when a user interacts with the UI.

• Oops concepts include inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction. For example, a car class can inherit properties from a vehicle class.

• Data binding is a way to connect UI elements to data sources. It allows for automatic updates when data changes. For exa...read more

Middleware is software that acts as a bridge between different applications, allowing them to communicate and exchange data.

• Middleware is a layer of software that sits between applications and operating systems

• It provides services such as message routing, authentication, and data transformation

• Examples include Apache Tomcat, Microsoft IIS, and IBM WebSphere

API is a set of protocols and tools for building software applications. Frameworks are pre-built libraries of code for easier development in Python.

• API stands for Application Programming Interface

• APIs allow different software applications to communicate with each other

• Python has many popular APIs such as Flask, Django, and FastAPI

• Frameworks are pre-built libraries of code that provide a structure for developing applications

• Python has many popular frameworks such as Flask, Dja...read more

Radiology workflow involves the process of imaging, interpreting, and reporting on medical images.

• Patient arrives for imaging appointment

• Technologist performs imaging procedure (X-ray, MRI, CT scan, etc.)

• Images are sent to radiologist for interpretation

• Radiologist analyzes images and generates report

• Report is sent to referring physician for further action

CSS has various position attributes to position elements on a web page.

• position: static

• position: relative

• position: absolute

• position: fixed

• position: sticky

Event loop is a mechanism that allows non-blocking I/O operations in a single-threaded environment.

• Event loop is used in programming languages like JavaScript and Python.

• It manages the execution of multiple tasks by prioritizing them based on their priority level.

• It continuously checks for new events and executes them in a loop.

• It allows for efficient handling of I/O operations without blocking the main thread.

• It is commonly used in web development for handling client-server ...read more

Different SDLC models include Waterfall, Agile, Scrum, and DevOps. The best model depends on the project requirements. STLC is Software Testing Life Cycle.

• Waterfall model follows a linear sequential flow, while Agile focuses on iterative development.

• Scrum is a subset of Agile that uses fixed-length iterations called sprints.

• DevOps combines development and operations to improve collaboration and productivity.

• The best SDLC model depends on project requirements, team expertise, ...read more

It means that the table or view does not exist in the database.

• The query will fail and return an error message.

• The application may crash or behave unexpectedly.

• The table or view may have been deleted or renamed.

• Check the spelling and syntax of the query.

• Make sure the database connection is established and valid.

Liskov's substitution principle states that objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without affecting the program's correctness.

• Subtypes must be substitutable for their base types

• Derived classes should be able to extend the functionality of base classes without changing their behavior

• Violating this principle can lead to unexpected behavior and errors in the program

Use a subquery to find the second highest salary in a table.

• Use a subquery to select the maximum salary from the table.

• Then use another subquery to select the maximum salary that is less than the maximum salary found in the first subquery.

To check if every step has a corresponding step definition, we can use a code coverage tool.

• Use a code coverage tool to analyze the step definition file and identify any missing steps

• Ensure that all steps in the feature file are covered by the step definition file

• Regularly review and update the step definition file to ensure it stays up-to-date with the feature file

Authentication in API requests is the process of verifying the identity of the user or application making the request.

• Authentication ensures that only authorized users or applications can access the API resources.

• API requests are authenticated using tokens, API keys, or other credentials.

• Authentication can be implemented using various protocols such as OAuth, JWT, or Basic Authentication.

• Authentication is important for security and protecting sensitive data.

Angular is a front-end framework that uses components to build dynamic web applications.

• Angular applications are built using TypeScript, a superset of JavaScript.

• Components are the building blocks of an Angular application.

• Angular uses a hierarchical dependency injection system to manage dependencies.

• Angular applications are loaded and run in the browser.

• Angular applications can communicate with servers using HTTP requests.

Python has several built-in datatypes including numeric, sequence, and mapping types.

• Numeric types include integers, floats, and complex numbers.

• Sequence types include lists, tuples, and range objects.

• Mapping types include dictionaries.

• Other datatypes include boolean, bytes, and sets.

CSS specificity determines which style rules are applied to an element.

• Specificity is calculated based on the number of selectors and their types.

• Inline styles have the highest specificity.

• IDs have higher specificity than classes and attributes.

• The universal selector (*) has zero specificity.

• The !important keyword overrides specificity.

• Selectors with equal specificity are applied in the order they appear in the stylesheet.

Procedures, Packages and Functions are all subprograms in PL/SQL with different characteristics.

• Procedures are subprograms that perform a specific task and may or may not return a value.

• Functions are subprograms that always return a value and can be used in SQL statements.

• Packages are a collection of related procedures, functions, variables, and other program constructs that can be used as a single unit.

• Packages provide better modularity, security, and performance than standa...read more

React Native is a framework for building mobile applications using JavaScript and React.

• Allows developers to write code once and deploy it on both iOS and Android platforms

• Utilizes native components for better performance and user experience

• Supports hot reloading for faster development iterations

useEffect is a hook in React that allows functional components to perform side effects.

• useEffect is used to perform side effects in functional components

• It runs after every render by default

• It can be used to fetch data, subscribe to events, update the DOM, etc.

• It can take a second argument which is an array of dependencies to control when the effect runs

Dependency injection is a design pattern where the dependencies of an object are provided externally rather than created within the object itself.

• Allows for easier testing by providing mock dependencies

• Promotes loose coupling between components

• Improves code reusability and maintainability

• Commonly used in frameworks like Spring in Java

JWT is a token-based authentication mechanism while OAuth is an authorization framework.

• JWT stands for JSON Web Token and is used for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object.

• OAuth is an authorization protocol that allows third-party applications to access user data without sharing passwords.

• JWT is often used in combination with OAuth for authentication purposes.

• OAuth has different versions such as OAuth 1.0a, OAuth 2.0, etc.

• Examples of companies usi...read more

Generator is a function that returns an iterator. Decorator is a function that takes another function and extends its behavior.

• Generator functions use the yield keyword to return values one at a time.

• Decorators are used to modify the behavior of a function without changing its source code.

• Decorators can be stacked on top of each other to create complex behavior.

• Example of generator: function* myGenerator() { yield 1; yield 2; yield 3; }

• Example of decorator: @myDecorator funct...read more

Sanity, smoke, retesting, and regression are types of testing performed during software development.

• Sanity testing: Quick test to check if the software is stable enough for further testing.

• Smoke testing: Initial testing to ensure the basic functionalities of the software are working.

• Retesting: Testing done to verify that a specific bug or issue has been fixed.

• Regression testing: Testing done to ensure that new code changes have not adversely affected existing functionalities....read more

Various design patterns were used in projects including Singleton, Factory, and Observer.

• Singleton pattern was used to ensure a class has only one instance and provide a global point of access to it.

• Factory pattern was used to create objects without specifying the exact class of object that will be created.

• Observer pattern was used to define a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automaticall...read more

Creating test scenarios based on a given situation

• Identify key functionalities to be tested

• Consider different user roles and permissions

• Test for various input combinations and edge cases

• Verify system response to errors and exceptions

Abstract classes can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while interfaces can only have abstract methods.

• Abstract classes can have constructors, fields, and non-abstract methods.

• Interfaces can only have abstract methods and constants.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

Map applies a function to each element in a collection, while flatMap applies a function that returns a collection and flattens the result. Function is used to transform input into output, Predicate is used to test a condition.

• Map transforms each element in a collection using a function

• FlatMap transforms each element in a collection using a function that returns a collection and flattens the result

• Function is used to transform input into output

• Predicate is used to test a cond...read more

package.json is a configuration file used in Node.js projects to manage dependencies and scripts.

• Contains metadata about the project such as name, version, and author

• Lists dependencies and devDependencies required for the project

• Allows for the creation of custom scripts to run tasks

• Can be used to specify the main file of the project

• Can be generated using 'npm init' command

An object is a data structure that contains data and methods to manipulate that data.

• Objects are instances of classes in object-oriented programming

• They have attributes (data) and methods (functions)

• Example: A car object may have attributes like color, make, model and methods like start(), stop()

Promise is a one-time operation that resolves or rejects, while Observable is a stream of multiple values over time.

• Promise is eager, Observable is lazy

• Promise can only handle a single value, Observable can handle multiple values

• Promise is not cancellable, Observable can be unsubscribed

• Promise is not composable, Observable is composable

• Example: Promise resolves with a single value like fetching data from an API, Observable streams multiple values like user input events

Pure popes are those who have never been married, while impure popes are those who were previously married.

• Pure popes have never been married, following the tradition of celibacy in the Catholic Church.

• Impure popes were previously married before becoming pope, which is rare but has happened in history.

• Examples of impure popes include Pope Adrian II and Pope Clement IV.

I have 5 years of real-time experience working on high-traffic web applications.

• Developed real-time chat feature using WebSockets for instant messaging

• Optimized database queries to handle real-time data updates efficiently

• Implemented real-time analytics dashboard for monitoring user activity

• Worked on real-time bidding system for online advertising platform

Regression testing includes functional, non-functional, unit, integration, and system testing.

• Functional regression testing: Ensures existing functionality still works after changes.

• Non-functional regression testing: Checks performance, security, usability, etc. after changes.

• Unit regression testing: Tests individual units of code after changes.

• Integration regression testing: Verifies interactions between components after changes.

• System regression testing: Validates the entir...read more

We used the Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) design pattern in our last project.

• We extracted data from multiple sources such as databases, APIs, and files.

• We transformed the data by cleaning, filtering, and aggregating it to fit the target data model.

• We loaded the transformed data into the destination database or data warehouse.

• We used tools like Informatica, Talend, or Apache NiFi for ETL processes.

HTML is the standard markup language for creating web pages, while HTML5 is the latest version with new features. Flexbox is a layout model for designing responsive websites.

• HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages.

• HTML5 is the latest version of HTML with new features like <video>, <audio>, and <canvas> elements.

• Flexbox is a layout model in CSS that allows for easier alignment and distribution of space among items in a container.

• Flexbox example: display: ...read more

Structural directives are used to manipulate the structure of the DOM.

• ngIf - conditionally adds or removes an element from the DOM

• ngFor - repeats an element for each item in a list

• ngSwitch - conditionally adds or removes elements based on a value

• ngStyle - dynamically adds styles to an element

• ngClass - dynamically adds classes to an element

Views are virtual tables while Materialized Views are physical tables.

• Views are created using SELECT statement while Materialized Views are created using CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW statement.

• Views do not store data while Materialized Views store data.

• Views are updated dynamically while Materialized Views are updated manually or automatically based on refresh settings.

• Materialized Views are faster for read-heavy workloads while Views are faster for write-heavy workloads.

• Example:...read more

Improving query performance by optimizing indexes, using proper data types, and minimizing data retrieval.

• Optimize indexes on frequently queried columns

• Use proper data types to reduce storage space and improve query speed

• Minimize data retrieval by only selecting necessary columns

• Avoid using SELECT * in queries

• Use query execution plans to identify bottlenecks and optimize accordingly

Normal cluster is used for interactive workloads while job cluster is used for batch processing in Databricks.

• Normal cluster is used for ad-hoc queries and exploratory data analysis.

• Job cluster is used for running scheduled jobs and batch processing tasks.

• Normal cluster is terminated after a period of inactivity, while job cluster is terminated after the job completes.

• Normal cluster is more cost-effective for short-lived workloads, while job cluster is more cost-effective for...read more

Decorators are functions that modify the behavior of other functions.

• Decorators are defined using the @ symbol in Python

• They can be used to add functionality to a function without modifying its source code

• Examples include @staticmethod, @classmethod, and @property

• Decorators can also be used to add logging, caching, or authentication to a function

Triggers are database objects that are used to automatically execute a response when a specific event occurs.

• DML Triggers

• DDL Triggers

• Logon Triggers

• CLR Triggers

• INSTEAD OF Triggers

angular.json is a configuration file used by Angular CLI to manage project settings.

• Contains project configuration settings such as build options, asset paths, and environment variables.

• Can be modified manually or through the Angular CLI.

• Located in the root directory of an Angular project.

• Example: "assets": ["src/favicon.ico", "src/assets"] specifies the asset paths for the project.

Interface is a contract for classes to implement, while abstract class can have some implementation.

• Interface cannot have any implementation, only method signatures.

• Abstract class can have both abstract and concrete methods.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Interfaces are used for achieving multiple inheritance in Java.

• Example: interface Animal { void eat(); } abstract class Mammal { abstract void breathe(); }

Java is a high-level programming language known for its platform independence and object-oriented features.

• Java is platform-independent, meaning it can run on any device with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

• It is object-oriented, allowing for the creation of reusable code and modular programs

• Java is known for its robust standard library, providing a wide range of pre-built functionality

• It supports multithreading, allowing for concurrent execution of multiple tasks

• Java is statical...read more

Test cases for ATM

• Verify if the ATM is dispensing the correct amount of cash

• Check if the ATM is accepting valid cards and rejecting invalid ones

• Test if the ATM is able to handle multiple transactions in a row

• Ensure that the ATM is properly secured and user data is protected

Truncate removes all data from a table while delete removes specific rows. Agile is a project management methodology.

• Truncate is faster than delete as it doesn't log individual row deletions

• Truncate resets the identity of the table while delete doesn't

• Agile emphasizes on iterative development, continuous feedback, and collaboration

• Agile frameworks include Scrum, Kanban, and Extreme Programming

Basic concepts of software testing include test planning, test design, test execution, and test closure.

• Test planning involves defining the scope, objectives, and approach of testing.

• Test design includes creating test cases, test scenarios, and test data.

• Test execution involves running the tests and comparing actual results with expected results.

• Test closure involves analyzing test results, reporting defects, and evaluating the testing process.

• Examples: Unit testing, integrat...read more

Non-functional testing focuses on the performance, usability, reliability, and other aspects of a system beyond its basic functionality.

• Non-functional testing evaluates the system's performance under load, its security, scalability, and other aspects.

• Examples include stress testing, load testing, security testing, usability testing, and compatibility testing.

• Non-functional testing helps ensure that the system meets the required quality standards and performs well in real-worl...read more

To read a file in Databricks, you can use the Databricks File System (DBFS) or Spark APIs.

• Use dbutils.fs.ls('dbfs:/path/to/file') to list files in DBFS

• Use spark.read.format('csv').load('dbfs:/path/to/file') to read a CSV file

• Use spark.read.format('parquet').load('dbfs:/path/to/file') to read a Parquet file

Different kinds of DB joins include inner join, outer join, left join, and right join.

• Inner join: Returns rows when there is at least one match in both tables.

• Outer join: Returns all rows when there is a match in one of the tables.

• Left join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table.

• Right join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table.

Dependency injection is a design pattern where dependencies are injected into a class rather than created within the class itself.

• Dependency injection helps in achieving loose coupling between classes.

• It allows for easier testing and maintenance of code.

• Example: Constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection are common types of dependency injection.

• Indexes in SQL are used to improve the performance of queries by allowing the database to quickly locate rows i...read more

Datawarehouse design patterns are strategies for organizing data in a datawarehouse to optimize performance and efficiency.

• Star schema

• Snowflake schema

• Galaxy schema

• Data Vault

• Federated datawarehouse

Stored procedures are precompiled SQL queries stored in the database, while functions are reusable blocks of code that return a value.

• Stored procedures are stored in the database and can perform multiple operations, while functions are standalone blocks of code.

• Functions return a value, while stored procedures do not necessarily have to return a value.

• Stored procedures can be called explicitly, while functions can be used in SQL queries directly.

• Stored procedures can have inp...read more

To create and optimize a React application, focus on efficient component structure, state management, code splitting, lazy loading, and performance monitoring.

• Use functional components and hooks for better performance.

• Implement state management with tools like Redux or Context API.

• Split code into smaller chunks and lazy load components for faster initial load times.

• Optimize performance by minimizing re-renders and using tools like React.memo and useMemo.

• Monitor performance us...read more

I will forecast expenses by analyzing historical data, market trends, and budget projections.

• Analyze historical data to identify patterns and trends in expenses

• Consider market trends and economic indicators that may impact expenses

• Collaborate with department heads to gather budget projections and forecasts

• Use financial modeling techniques to predict future expenses based on various scenarios

• Regularly review and adjust forecasts as new information becomes available

Replication is the process of copying content from one instance to another, while difference refers to the changes made between two instances.

• Replication is used to ensure content consistency across multiple instances of Adobe Experience Manager.

• It involves copying content, assets, and configurations from one environment to another.

• Replication can be manual or automated, depending on the requirements.

• Difference refers to the changes made between two instances, such as content...read more

To center align a square and circle inside a rectangle, calculate the center point of the rectangle and position the shapes accordingly.

• Calculate the center point of the rectangle using its width and height

• Position the square and circle by subtracting half of their width/height from the center point

• Use CSS to set the position of the shapes

Program to check duplicate numbers in a phone number

• Convert phone number to an array of strings

• Loop through the array and check for duplicates

• Use a hash table to keep track of numbers already seen

Manual testing involves executing test cases manually without using any automation tools. SQL testing involves verifying data integrity in databases. API testing involves testing the functionality of APIs. Handling team and issues involves managing team members and resolving any problems that arise.

• Manual testing involves creating test cases, executing them, and documenting results.

• SQL testing involves writing and executing queries to verify data in databases.

• API testing invo...read more

To create a pipeline in ADF, you can use the Azure Data Factory UI or code-based approach.

• Use Azure Data Factory UI to visually create and manage pipelines

• Use code-based approach with JSON to define pipelines and activities

• Add activities such as data movement, data transformation, and data processing to the pipeline

• Set up triggers and schedules for the pipeline to run automatically

Activities in pipelines include data extraction, transformation, loading, and monitoring.

• Data extraction: Retrieving data from various sources such as databases, APIs, and files.

• Data transformation: Cleaning, filtering, and structuring data for analysis.

• Data loading: Loading processed data into a data warehouse or database.

• Monitoring: Tracking the performance and health of the pipeline to ensure data quality and reliability.

Authentication was done using a combination of username/password and token-based authentication.

• User credentials (username/password) were verified against stored data in the database

• Upon successful verification, a token was generated and sent to the user for subsequent requests

• Token was validated for each request to ensure the user's identity and permissions

Replacing a server involves migrating data, setting up new hardware, and testing for functionality.

• Backup all data and configurations from the old server

• Set up the new server hardware and install necessary software

• Migrate data and configurations to the new server

• Test the new server for functionality and performance

• Update DNS records and network configurations to point to the new server