Citicorp Senior Technical Lead Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

The Java Collections Framework provides data structures and algorithms for efficient data management and manipulation.

• Standardized data structures: Offers common interfaces like List, Set, and Map for consistent usage.

• Dynamic sizing: Collections can grow or shrink dynamically, unlike arrays which have fixed sizes.

• Rich API: Provides a wide range of utility methods for sorting, searching, and manipulating data.

• Thread-saf...read more

Dependency Injection (DI) and Inversion of Control (IoC) are core concepts in Spring for managing object creation and dependencies.

• Dependency Injection allows objects to receive their dependencies from an external source rather than creating them internally.

• Inversion of Control (IoC) is a design principle where the control of object creation and management is transferred to a container.

• Spring IoC container manages the ...read more

Keywords like 'lock', 'synchronized', and 'wait' can contribute to deadlock in threading by causing resource contention.

• 1. 'lock': Acquiring a lock on a resource can lead to deadlock if multiple threads try to acquire locks in different orders.

• 2. 'synchronized': Using synchronized blocks can cause deadlock if two threads hold locks on two resources and wait for each other.

• 3. 'wait': If a thread calls wait on an object ...read more

A HashMap in Java uses key-value pairs and relies on hashCode and equals for object storage and retrieval.

• HashMap stores data in an array of buckets, where each bucket corresponds to a hash code.

• The hashCode method determines the bucket index for storing an object.

• If two objects have the same hash code, they are stored in the same bucket (collision handling).

• Overriding hashCode without equals can lead to inconsistent b...read more

Use synchronization mechanisms to control thread execution order while allowing parallel processing.

• Utilize CountDownLatch in Java to ensure threads complete in order.

• Example: Thread 1 completes, then Thread 2 starts, followed by Thread 3.

• Use semaphores to control access and execution order.

• Example: Semaphore initialized to 0 for Thread 2, allowing it to start only after Thread 1 completes.

• Implement Future and Executor...read more

Designing a chatbot involves defining objectives, selecting technology, creating conversation flows, and testing for user experience.

• Define the purpose: Determine what the chatbot will do, e.g., customer support, booking appointments.

• Choose the platform: Decide whether to build on platforms like Facebook Messenger, Slack, or a custom website.

• Select technology: Choose between rule-based systems or AI-driven solutions li...read more

Use efficient file reading techniques like memory mapping, parallel processing, and columnar storage.

• Utilize memory mapping to directly access file data without loading it into memory

• Implement parallel processing to read and process data concurrently for faster performance

• Consider using columnar storage to optimize data retrieval for specific columns

• Use appropriate data structures and algorithms for efficient data proc