HGS Interview Questions and Answers

Encoder Decoder is a neural network architecture used for sequence-to-sequence tasks. Transformer model is a type of neural network architecture that relies entirely on self-attention mechanisms.

• Encoder Decoder is commonly used in machine translation tasks where the input sequence is encoded into a fixed-length vector representation by the encoder and then decoded into the target sequence by the decoder.

• Transformer model consists of an encoder and a decoder, both of which are...read more

ML algorithm selection is based on data characteristics, problem type, and desired outcomes.

• Understand the problem type (classification, regression, clustering, etc.)

• Consider the size and quality of the data

• Evaluate the complexity of the model and interpretability requirements

• Choose algorithms based on their strengths and weaknesses for the specific task

• Experiment with multiple algorithms and compare their performance

• For example, use decision trees for classification tasks, l...read more

Regularization is a technique used in machine learning to prevent overfitting by adding a penalty term to the model's loss function.

• Regularization helps to reduce the complexity of the model by penalizing large coefficients.

• It adds a penalty term to the loss function, which discourages the model from fitting the training data too closely.

• Common types of regularization include L1 (Lasso) and L2 (Ridge) regularization.

• Regularization is important when dealing with high-dimension...read more

To optimize a ML model, one can tune hyperparameters, feature engineering, cross-validation, ensemble methods, and regularization techniques.

• Tune hyperparameters using techniques like grid search or random search

• Perform feature engineering to create new features or select relevant features

• Utilize cross-validation to evaluate model performance and prevent overfitting

• Explore ensemble methods like bagging and boosting to improve model accuracy

• Apply regularization techniques like...read more

Data leakage occurs when information from outside the training dataset is used to create a model, leading to unrealistic performance.

• Occurs when information that would not be available in a real-world scenario is used in the model training process

• Can result in overly optimistic performance metrics for the model

• Examples include using future data, target leakage, and data preprocessing errors

Model quantization is the process of reducing the precision of the weights and activations of a neural network model to improve efficiency.

• Reduces memory usage and speeds up inference by using fewer bits to represent numbers

• Can be applied to both weights and activations in a neural network model

• Examples include converting 32-bit floating point numbers to 8-bit integers