20+ COMMA Interview Questions and Answers

Single linked list has one pointer while doubly linked list has two. Doubly linked list is preferred for easier traversal in both directions.

• Single linked list has only one pointer which points to the next node while doubly linked list has two pointers which point to the next and previous nodes.

• Doubly linked list allows for easier traversal in both directions, while single linked list only allows for traversal in one direction.

• Doubly linked list requires more memory due to th...read more

Sorting techniques and their time complexity

• Bubble sort - O(n^2)

• Selection sort - O(n^2)

• Insertion sort - O(n^2)

• Merge sort - O(n log n)

• Quick sort - O(n log n)

• Heap sort - O(n log n)

• Radix sort - O(nk)

• Most efficient: Quick sort or Merge sort

• Efficiency depends on the size of the array and the data distribution

Big data refers to large and complex data sets that cannot be processed using traditional data processing methods.

• Big data is characterized by the 3Vs - volume, velocity, and variety.

• It requires specialized tools and techniques for processing and analysis.

• Examples of big data include social media data, sensor data, and financial market data.

LINUX/UNIX are open-source, command-line based OS while WINDOWS is a proprietary, GUI-based OS.

• LINUX/UNIX have a steep learning curve due to command-line interface

• WINDOWS is more user-friendly with a graphical user interface (GUI)

• LINUX/UNIX are more stable and secure than WINDOWS

• LINUX/UNIX are free and open-source while WINDOWS is proprietary and requires a license

• LINUX/UNIX are preferred for servers and development while WINDOWS is preferred for personal computers and gaming

I am familiar with SP3D and E3D software.

• I have experience working with SP3D for plant design and E3D for 3D modeling.

• I have used SP3D to create piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs) for industrial projects.

• I have utilized E3D for creating detailed 3D models of structures and equipment.

• I am proficient in navigating and using the features of both SP3D and E3D.

ASP.net is better for enterprise-level applications due to its integration with Windows and Microsoft technologies.

• ASP.net has better integration with Windows and Microsoft technologies

• ASP.net has better performance and scalability for enterprise-level applications

• ASP.net has a larger developer community and more resources available

• Java is better for cross-platform development and open-source projects

Program to sort an array of strings

• Use a sorting algorithm like bubble sort, insertion sort, or quicksort

• Compare adjacent elements and swap if necessary

• Repeat until the array is sorted

A task is a unit of work while a thread is a unit of execution.

• A task is a logical concept while a thread is a physical concept.

• A task can be broken down into multiple threads.

• A task can be scheduled by the operating system while a thread cannot.

• A task can communicate with other tasks while a thread cannot.

Delegate is used to pass methods as parameters to other methods or to invoke methods asynchronously.

• Delegate is a type-safe function pointer.

• It allows methods to be passed as parameters to other methods.

• It can be used to invoke methods asynchronously.

• It can be used to implement events and callbacks.

• Example: passing a method as a parameter to a sorting algorithm.

• Example: invoking a method asynchronously using BeginInvoke().

Designing a pipe involves considering factors such as material, size, shape, and purpose.

• Determine the material based on the fluid being transported (e.g. PVC for water, steel for gas)

• Calculate the required size based on flow rate and pressure drop

• Choose the appropriate shape (e.g. round, square) based on space constraints and flow requirements

• Consider the purpose of the pipe (e.g. drainage, ventilation, transportation)

The oil and gas industry is transitioning into green hydrogen to adapt to the growing demand for sustainable energy sources.

• Oil and gas companies are investing in green hydrogen production to reduce carbon emissions and meet climate goals.

• Green hydrogen is produced using renewable energy sources like wind or solar power, making it a cleaner alternative to traditional hydrogen production methods.

• The transition to green hydrogen requires significant infrastructure investments, ...read more

Identifying memory leak involves monitoring memory usage, analyzing memory dumps, and using profiling tools.

• Monitor memory usage over time to identify abnormal increases

• Analyze memory dumps to pinpoint the source of the leak

• Use profiling tools like Valgrind or Visual Studio Memory Profiler

• Look for common memory leak patterns such as not releasing allocated memory

My strength is my ability to learn quickly and adapt to new situations. My weakness is that I can be overly critical of my own work.

• Strength: Quick learner and adaptable

• Weakness: Overly critical of my own work

Aveva is a global engineering and industrial software company.

• Provides software solutions for industries like oil and gas, power, marine, and more

• Offers products for engineering, operations, and performance management

• Has offices in over 40 countries and serves customers in over 80 countries

Abstraction is one of the pillars of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) that allows developers to hide complex implementation details and only show the necessary features of an object.

• Abstraction helps in reducing complexity by hiding unnecessary details and only showing the essential features of an object.

• It allows for creating abstract classes and interfaces that define the structure and behavior of objects without specifying the implementation.

• Example: In a car object, we c...read more

An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and is used as a base for other classes to inherit from.

• Cannot be instantiated directly

• May contain abstract methods that must be implemented by subclasses

• Can have both abstract and concrete methods

• Used to define a common interface for subclasses

Tool test in application involves evaluating the functionality and performance of various tools used within the application.

• Tool test is essential to ensure that all tools within the application are working as expected.

• It involves testing the integration of tools with the application and checking for any compatibility issues.

• Examples of tools that may be tested include debugging tools, performance monitoring tools, and security tools.