Affle Software Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Round duration - 65 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

There were 2 sections – 
Aptitude and Logical Reasoning and MCQ based on Java question ,C++, coding for 20 min and 45 min respectively.
Section A- Not very difficult to clear this round although less time was a problem.
Section B- It contains 15 multiple choice question on c/c++,java and 4 simple coding questions

Q1. 
Cycle Detection in a Singly Linked List
Determine if a given singly linked list of integers forms a cycle or not.
A cycle in a linked list occurs when a node's next points back to a previous node in the ...read more
Ans. 
Detect if a singly linked list forms a cycle by checking if a node's next pointer points back to a previous node.
• Traverse the linked list using two pointers, one moving at double the speed of the other.

• If the two pointers meet at any point, there is a cycle in the linked list.

• Use Floyd's Cycle Detection Algorithm for O(N) time complexity and O(1) space complexity.
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Round duration - 75 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

It was an online coding test in which 3 coding question were given.

Q1. 
Smallest Window Problem Statement
Given two strings, S and X, your task is to find the smallest substring in S that contains all the characters present in X.
Example:
Input:
S = "abdd", X = "bd"
Outpu...read more
Ans. 
Find the smallest substring in string S that contains all characters in string X.
• Iterate through string S and keep track of characters in X found in a window

• Use two pointers to maintain the window and slide it to find the smallest window

• Return the smallest window containing all characters in X
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Q2. 
Smallest Integer Not Representable as Subset Sum
Given a non-decreasing sorted array ARR of N positive numbers, determine the smallest positive integer that cannot be expressed as the sum of elements from...read more
Ans. 
Find the smallest positive integer that cannot be expressed as the sum of elements from any proper subset of a non-decreasing sorted array of positive numbers.
• Start with the smallest possible integer that cannot be represented, which is 1.

• Iterate through the array and update the smallest integer that cannot be represented.

• If the current element is greater than the smallest integer that cannot be represented, return tha...read more
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Q3. 
Minimum Steps for a Knight to Reach Target
Given a square chessboard of size 'N x N', determine the minimum number of moves a Knight requires to reach a specified target position from its initial position...read more
Ans. 
Calculate the minimum number of moves a Knight needs to reach a target position on a chessboard.
• Implement a function that takes knight's starting position, target position, and chessboard size as input

• Use breadth-first search algorithm to find the shortest path for the Knight

• Consider all possible 8 movements of the Knight on the chessboard

• Return the minimum number of moves required for the Knight to reach the target po
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

It started with a discussion on the programs given in coding round. They asked me about my interest field after that they directly jumped into Networking, Linux and Ethical Hacking part looking my interest domain. They asked me various question on networking and linux.
Then they asked me to code a simple c program

Q1. 
Reverse Linked List Problem Statement
Given a singly linked list of integers, return the head of the reversed linked list.
Example:
Initial linked list: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> NULL
Reversed link...read more
Ans. 
Reverse a singly linked list of integers and return the head of the reversed linked list.
• Iterate through the linked list and reverse the pointers to point to the previous node.

• Keep track of the current, previous, and next nodes while reversing the linked list.

• Update the head of the reversed linked list as the last node encountered during reversal.
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Q2. What are the port numbers of protocols such as FTP and SMTP?
Ans. 
FTP uses port number 21 and SMTP uses port number 25.
• FTP uses port 21 for data transfer and port 20 for control information.

• SMTP uses port 25 for email communication.

• Understanding port numbers is important for network communication.
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Q3. Can you explain the OSI Model?
Ans. 
The OSI Model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven layers.
• The OSI Model stands for Open Systems Interconnection Model.

• It consists of seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Each layer has specific functions and communicates with the adjacent layers.

• Example: Layer 1 (Physical) deals with physi...read more
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Q4. How do you copy files in Linux?
Ans. 
To copy files in Linux, you can use the 'cp' command.
• Use the 'cp' command followed by the source file and destination directory to copy a file.

• To copy a directory and its contents, use the '-r' flag with the 'cp' command.

• You can also use wildcards like '*' to copy multiple files at once.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical round with 3 problems based on DSA and Algorithms.

Q1. 
Smallest Integer Not Representable as Subset Sum
Given a non-decreasing sorted array ARR of N positive numbers, determine the smallest positive integer that cannot be expressed as the sum of elements from...read more
Ans. 
Find the smallest positive integer that cannot be expressed as the sum of elements from any proper subset of a given array.
• Sort the array in non-decreasing order.

• Iterate through the array and keep track of the smallest sum that can be formed.

• If the next element in the array is greater than the current sum + 1, then the answer is the current sum + 1.

• Return the answer as the smallest integer not representable as a subset
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Q2. 
Reverse Linked List Problem Statement
Given a singly linked list of integers, return the head of the reversed linked list.
Example:
Initial linked list: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> NULL
Reversed link...read more
Ans. 
Reverse a singly linked list of integers and return the head of the reversed linked list.
• Iterate through the linked list and reverse the pointers to point to the previous node instead of the next node.

• Use three pointers to keep track of the current, previous, and next nodes while reversing the linked list.

• Update the head of the reversed linked list to be the last node encountered during the reversal process.
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Q3. 
Smallest Window Problem Statement
Given two strings S and X containing random characters, the task is to find the smallest substring in S which contains all the characters present in X.
Input:
The first...read more
Ans. 
The task is to find the smallest substring in string S which contains all the characters present in string X.
• Iterate through string S and keep track of characters in X using a hashmap

• Use two pointers to maintain a sliding window and find the smallest window containing all characters in X

• Return the smallest window found
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical round with questions based on OOPS and Angular.

Q1. What are the different OOP concepts?
Ans. 
OOP concepts include inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction.
• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Encapsulation restricts access to certain components of an object, protecting its integrity.

• Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class.

• Abstraction hides the complex implementation details of an object and only shows the necessar
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Questions based on System Design, ajax, jquery were asked.

Q1. How would you design a traffic light system?
Ans. 
Designing a traffic light system involves creating a system that controls the flow of traffic at intersections.
• Divide the traffic light system into three main lights: red, yellow, and green.

• Implement timers to control the duration of each light.

• Include sensors to detect the presence of vehicles and pedestrians.

• Consider implementing a pedestrian crossing signal.

• Integrate a central control system to coordinate the timing
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Q2. How does AJAX work?
Ans. 
AJAX allows for asynchronous communication between client and server without needing to reload the entire page.
• AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.

• It allows for sending and receiving data from a server without reloading the entire page.

• AJAX uses XMLHttpRequest object to make requests to the server.

• It can update parts of a web page without requiring a full page reload.

• Commonly used in web applications to pro
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Q3. What is the difference between AngularJS and jQuery?
Ans. 
AngularJS is a full-fledged MVC framework for building dynamic web applications, while jQuery is a lightweight library for DOM manipulation and event handling.
• AngularJS is a full-fledged MVC framework, providing features like two-way data binding, dependency injection, and routing.

• jQuery is a lightweight library primarily used for DOM manipulation and event handling.

• AngularJS is suitable for building single-page applic...read more
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Two coding questions were given in the first round to be solved in 60 minutes.

Q1. 
Rearrange Array Elements Problem Statement
Given an array A containing 'N' integers and an integer m, rearrange the elements of the array such that the differences between the array elements and m are sor...read more
Ans. 
Rearrange array elements based on their differences from a given integer.
• Calculate the differences between each element and the given integer.

• Sort the elements based on their differences while maintaining the original order for elements with the same difference.

• Implement a function to rearrange the array elements as per the given criteria.
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Q2. 
Print Nodes at Distance K from a Given Node
Given an arbitrary binary tree, a node of the tree, and an integer 'K', find all nodes that are at a distance K from the specified node, and return a list of th...read more
Ans. 
The task is to find all nodes in a binary tree that are at a distance K from a given node.
• Traverse the binary tree to find the given node

• From the given node, perform a depth-first search to find all nodes at distance K

• Use a list to store the values of the nodes at distance K

• Return the list of values in any order
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was a technical round with questions based on DSA, DBMS, Computer Networking and project based questions.

Q1. 
Triangle of Numbers Pattern
Ninja is tasked with printing a triangle pattern based on a given number 'N' for any test case.
Example:
Input:
N = 4
Output:
   1
  232
 34545
4567654
Explanation:
The pat...read more
Ans. 
Print a triangle pattern of numbers based on a given number 'N'.
• Iterate through each row and print the numbers accordingly

• Use spaces to center-align the numbers in each row

• Increment the numbers in each row as per the pattern
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Q2. What is the difference between a web server and an application server?
Ans. 
Web server serves static content over HTTP, while application server runs dynamic content and business logic.
• Web server handles HTTP requests and responses, serving static content like HTML, images, and CSS.

• Application server executes business logic, runs dynamic content, and interacts with databases.

• Web server examples include Apache, Nginx, while application server examples include Tomcat, JBoss.

• Web server focuses on...read more
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Q3. How does the internet work?
Ans. 
The internet is a global network of interconnected computers that communicate using standardized protocols.
• The internet is made up of a vast number of interconnected networks of computers.

• Data is transmitted over the internet using protocols such as TCP/IP.

• Websites are hosted on servers connected to the internet, and users access them using web browsers.

• Internet Service Providers (ISPs) provide access to the internet f...read more
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Q4. Write a SQL query to find the nth highest salary.
Ans. 
SQL query to find the nth highest salary
• Use the 'SELECT DISTINCT' statement to get unique salary values

• Order the salaries in descending order using 'ORDER BY' clause

• Use 'LIMIT' and 'OFFSET' to get the nth highest salary
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Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Typical HR round with behavioral problems.

Round duration - 90 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Questions on aptitude, English, logical reasoning, C/C++ and 5 coding ques. (only pseudo code).

Q1. 
Minimum Jumps Problem Statement
Bob and his wife are in the famous 'Arcade' mall in the city of Berland. This mall has a unique way of moving between shops using trampolines. Each shop is laid out in a st...read more
Ans. 
Find the minimum number of trampoline jumps Bob needs to make to reach the final shop, or return -1 if it's impossible.
• Use Breadth First Search (BFS) algorithm to find the minimum number of jumps required.

• Keep track of the visited shops to avoid revisiting them.

• If a shop has an Arr value of 0, it is impossible to reach the final shop.

• Return -1 if the final shop cannot be reached.
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Q2. 
Smallest Window Problem Statement
Given two strings, S and X, your task is to find the smallest substring in S that contains all the characters present in X.
Example:
Input:
S = "abdd", X = "bd"
Outpu...read more
Ans. 
Find the smallest substring in S that contains all characters in X.
• Use a sliding window approach to find the smallest window in S containing all characters of X.

• Maintain a hashmap to keep track of characters in X and their frequencies in the current window.

• Slide the window to the right, updating the hashmap and shrinking the window until all characters in X are present.

• Return the smallest window found.

• Example: S = 'abd
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Q3. 
Rat in a Maze Problem Statement
You need to determine all possible paths for a rat starting at position (0, 0) in a square maze to reach its destination at (N-1, N-1). The maze is represented as an N*N ma...read more
Ans. 
Find all possible paths for a rat in a maze from start to destination.
• Use backtracking to explore all possible paths in the maze.

• Keep track of visited cells to avoid revisiting them.

• Return paths in alphabetical order as a list of strings.
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Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Questions based on OOPS were asked in this round.

Q1. What is a virtual function?
Ans. 
A virtual function is a function in a base class that is declared using the keyword 'virtual' and can be overridden by a function with the same signature in a derived class.
• Virtual functions allow for dynamic polymorphism in C++

• They are used in inheritance to achieve runtime polymorphism

• Virtual functions are declared in a base class and can be overridden in derived classes

• They are called based on the type of object bei...read more
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Q2. What are the types of polymorphism in Object-Oriented Programming?
Ans. 
Types of polymorphism in OOP include compile-time (method overloading) and runtime (method overriding) polymorphism.
• Compile-time polymorphism is achieved through method overloading, where multiple methods have the same name but different parameters.

• Runtime polymorphism is achieved through method overriding, where a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.

• Polymor...read more
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Q3. What is the difference between deep copy and shallow copy?
Ans. 
Deep copy creates a new object and recursively copies all nested objects, while shallow copy creates a new object and copies only the references to nested objects.
• Deep copy creates a new object and copies all nested objects, while shallow copy creates a new object and copies only the references to nested objects.

• In deep copy, changes made to the original object do not affect the copied object, while in shallow copy, ch...read more
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Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

HR round with typical behavioral problems.

Aptitude test

Current affairs

Q1. Puzzle , sql related questions
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