40+ Sdet (Software Development Engineer in Test) Interview Questions and Answers

Values can be sent without using sendkeys method by directly manipulating the DOM or using JavaScriptExecutor.

• Use JavaScriptExecutor to execute JavaScript code to set values of input fields.

• Find the element using appropriate locators and then use JavaScriptExecutor to set the value.

• Example: driver.executeScript("document.getElementById('elementId').value='text'");

requestSpecification is a class in RestAssured library used to define the request details for API testing.

• It is used to set the base URI, path, headers, query parameters, etc. for the API request.

• It allows customization of the request before sending it.

• Serialization is the process of converting an object into a format that can be stored or transmitted.

• In API testing, serialization is used to convert Java objects into JSON or XML format for API request or response.

• To achieve s...read more

To post a value in a server, you need to consider the endpoint, request method, headers, body, and authentication.

• Identify the endpoint where the value needs to be posted

• Choose the appropriate request method (e.g., POST)

• Set the necessary headers (e.g., Content-Type)

• Construct the body payload with the value to be posted

• Handle authentication if required (e.g., API key, token)

Common exceptions in Selenium automation include NoSuchElementException, TimeoutException, and StaleElementReferenceException.

• NoSuchElementException occurs when an element cannot be found in the DOM.

• TimeoutException occurs when a command takes longer than the timeout value to complete.

• StaleElementReferenceException occurs when an element is no longer attached to the DOM.

• Other exceptions include ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException, and WebDriverException.

Rest-assured is a Java-based library used for testing RESTful APIs.

• Rest-assured simplifies the testing of RESTful APIs by providing a domain-specific language (DSL) for writing tests.

• To handle certificate issues in rest-assured, we can use the relaxedHTTPSValidation() method to bypass SSL certificate validation.

• We can also import the certificate into the truststore and use it for SSL validation.

Find triplet in an array to sum up to a given number.

• Sort the array in ascending order.

• Iterate through the array and fix the first element.

• Use two pointers approach to find the other two elements that sum up to the given number.

Test automation framework can be implemented by following these steps:

• Identify the testing requirements

• Choose the appropriate tools and technologies

• Design the framework architecture

• Develop and integrate the framework components

• Create test scripts and execute them

• Integrate with CI/CD pipeline

• Maintain and update the framework regularly

The windowHandles method returns a set of window handles as a set of strings.

• The windowHandles method is used to retrieve all the window handles of the current session.

• The return type is set because it ensures that each window handle is unique and there are no duplicates.

• The set data structure allows for efficient retrieval and manipulation of window handles.

• Example: Set handles = driver.getWindowHandles();

I faced arrayIndexOutOfBoundary exception while accessing an array element beyond its size.

• The exception occurred when trying to access an array element at an index greater than or equal to its size.

• To fix it, I checked the array size before accessing its elements.

• I also made sure to properly initialize the array with the correct size.

• Example: String[] arr = new String[5]; arr[5] = "hello"; // throws exception

Coding questions related to string manipulation, array sorting, and finding indices and equilibrium point.

• To remove duplicate characters from a string, use a hash set to keep track of seen characters and remove duplicates.

• To sort an array, use built-in sorting functions or implement a sorting algorithm like quicksort or mergesort.

• To find the indices of resulting sum, use a hash map to store the complement of each element and check if it exists in the map.

• To find the equilibri...read more

Discuss with the developer and provide evidence to support the bug report.

• Communicate with the developer to understand their perspective

• Provide evidence to support the bug report

• Collaborate with the developer to find a solution

• If necessary, escalate the issue to a higher authority

Failed test cases can be rerun in TestNG using the 'rerun-failed.xml' file.

• Create a new XML file named 'rerun-failed.xml'

• Add the failed test cases to the XML file using the 'include' tag

• Run the 'rerun-failed.xml' file using TestNG

Function to determine winner of IPL tournament with n teams following given rules.

• Create a matrix to store the results of each match played between teams

• Calculate the total points of each team based on the results of their matches

• Sort the teams based on their total points and select the top four teams

• Determine the winners of the playoffs based on the given rules

• Return the winner of the tournament

• Example: input n=6, output 'Team X'

Jenkins is an open-source automation server that helps to automate parts of the software development process.

• Jenkins is used for continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) of software projects.

• It can be integrated with Git to create a pipeline for building, testing, and deploying code.

• The Git pipeline in Jenkins involves creating a Jenkinsfile that defines the stages of the pipeline, such as checkout, build, test, and deploy.

• Jenkins can also be used to automate ta...read more

Test cases can be prioritized in TestNG using priority attribute.

• Add priority attribute to @Test annotation

• Test cases with lower priority value will be executed first

• Priority can be any integer value, default is 0

Filter files ending with amazon.txt in Unix shell

• Use the 'ls' command to list all files in the directory

• Use the 'grep' command to filter files ending with 'amazon.txt'

• Combine the two commands using a pipe '|' symbol

Find common sub-strings in two strings and print them in alphabetical order.

• Use a nested loop to compare each character of both strings.

• Store common sub-strings in an array.

• Sort the array in alphabetical order.

• Print the sorted array.

Abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and Interface is a blueprint of a class.

• Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods while Interface can only have abstract methods.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Abstract class can have constructors while Interface cannot.

• Abstract class can have instance variables while Interface cannot.

• Abstract class is used for code reusability while Interface is ...read more

SQL query to get second largest salary of an employee from employee table

• Use ORDER BY and LIMIT to get the second highest salary

• SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employee WHERE salary < (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employee)

• Use subquery to get the highest salary and then exclude it to get the second highest salary

Parallel testing can be achieved by dividing test cases into smaller chunks and running them simultaneously on multiple machines.

• Divide test cases into smaller chunks

• Use a test framework that supports parallel testing

• Run tests on multiple machines or virtual machines

• Ensure tests do not interfere with each other

• Aggregate test results from all machines

SQL query to find aggregate salary for a division

• Use the GROUP BY clause to group the employees by division

• Use the SUM function to calculate the total salary for each division

• Include the division column in the SELECT statement

• Example: SELECT division, SUM(salary) AS total_salary FROM employees GROUP BY division

List of test scenarios for mobile app release

• Functional testing of all features

• Usability testing for ease of use

• Compatibility testing on different devices and OS versions

• Performance testing for speed and responsiveness

• Security testing for data protection

• Localization testing for language and cultural differences

• Regression testing to ensure no new bugs introduced

• Accessibility testing for users with disabilities

Git flow is a branching model for software development.

• Git flow consists of two main branches: master and develop.

• Feature branches are created off of develop and merged back into it.

• Release branches are created off of develop for preparing a new release.

• Hotfix branches are created off of master to fix critical issues in production.

• Git flow helps to maintain a structured and organized workflow for development.

• Example: git flow init, git flow feature start , git flow release st...read more

HTTP is a protocol for transmitting data over the internet, while HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP that encrypts the data.

• HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, while HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure.

• HTTP operates on port 80, while HTTPS operates on port 443.

• HTTP is not secure and data is transmitted in plain text, while HTTPS uses SSL/TLS encryption to secure the data transmission.

• HTTPS is commonly used for secure transactions, such as online bankin...read more

Reverse a linked list and find all possible subsequences in a given array.

• To reverse a linked list, iterate through the list and change the next pointers of each node to the previous node.

• To find all possible subsequences in an array, use recursion and generate all possible combinations of elements.

• For example, given the array [1, 2, 3], the possible subsequences are [], [1], [2], [3], [1, 2], [1, 3], [2, 3], [1, 2, 3].

Finding sub sudoko in a multi-dimensional integer array.

• Iterate through each row and column to find sub-sudoku

• Check if each sub-grid contains all numbers from 1 to 9

• If yes, then it is a sub-sudoku

• If no, then move to the next sub-grid

Extent Reports Config is a Java library used for generating interactive HTML reports for test automation results.

• Extent Reports Config is used to customize the look and feel of the generated reports.

• It allows users to add or remove report sections, change report themes, and configure report settings.

• Users can also add custom logos, CSS, and JavaScript to the reports.

• Extent Reports Config can be integrated with various testing frameworks like TestNG, JUnit, and Cucumber.

• It pro...read more

Abstract class is a class that can have both abstract and non-abstract methods while Interface only has abstract methods.

• Abstract class can have constructors while Interface cannot.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Abstract class can have instance variables while Interface cannot.

• Abstract class can provide default implementation for some methods while Interface cannot.

• Example of Abstract class: Animal class with abstract me...read more

Operator overloading is not applicable in Protractor as it is a JavaScript testing framework.

• Protractor is a JavaScript testing framework and JavaScript does not support operator overloading.

• Operator overloading is a feature of object-oriented programming languages like C++ and Java.

• In languages that support operator overloading, operators like +, -, *, / can be overloaded to work with custom objects.

• However, in JavaScript, these operators work only with primitive data types ...read more

Mutable objects can be changed after creation, while immutable objects cannot be changed.

• Mutable objects: lists, dictionaries, sets, byte arrays, etc.

• Immutable objects: numbers, strings, tuples, etc.

• Changing a mutable object affects all references to it, while changing an immutable object creates a new object.

• Immutable objects are often used for keys in dictionaries and elements in sets.

Collections used in Selenium include List, Set, and Map.

• List is used to store a collection of elements in a specific order.

• Set is used to store a collection of unique elements.

• Map is used to store a collection of key-value pairs.

• Examples include List, Set, and Map.

Cannot answer without the code provided.

• Need to see the code to determine the output.

• Output may vary depending on the code.

• Cannot provide an answer without more information.

isDisplayed checks if element is visible on the page while isPresent checks if element is present in the DOM.

• isDisplayed returns true only if the element is visible on the page and has a height and width greater than 0.

• isPresent returns true if the element is present in the DOM, regardless of whether it is visible or not.

• isDisplayed throws an exception if the element is not present on the page while isPresent does not.

• isDisplayed is a method of WebElement interface while isPr...read more

Code to find number of duplicate characters in an array of strings

• Loop through each string in the array

• Loop through each character in the string and count its occurrence

• If occurrence is greater than 1, increment the count of duplicate characters

Status codes are used in API's to indicate the outcome of a request.

• Status codes are three-digit numbers that are returned by the server in response to a client's request.

• They indicate whether the request was successful or not, and if not, what went wrong.

• Some common status codes include 200 (OK), 404 (Not Found), and 500 (Internal Server Error).

Excel reading involves extracting data from an Excel file using programming languages.

• Excel files can be read using libraries like Apache POI, OpenPyXL, and xlrd.

• Data can be extracted from specific cells or entire sheets.

• Excel files can be read in various formats like .xls, .xlsx, and .csv.

Test cases for image upload feature

• Verify that the image upload button is functional

• Test uploading different file formats (jpg, png, gif)

• Test uploading large files and verify that they are uploaded successfully

• Test uploading files with special characters in the file name

• Test uploading multiple images at once

• Verify that the uploaded image is displayed correctly on the page

Sort an array of strings while maintaining the original order.

• Create a map of each string to its original index in the array.

• Sort the array of strings.

• Use the map to reorder the sorted array based on the original order.

Test cases to ensure successful purchase of a pen

• Verify that the pen is added to the cart

• Check that the correct quantity of pens is added

• Ensure that the correct price is displayed

• Test the payment process

• Verify that the order confirmation page is displayed

Parameters in protractor.conf.js are used to configure Protractor for running tests.

• The 'specs' parameter specifies the location of the test files.

• The 'capabilities' parameter defines the browser and platform to run the tests on.

• The 'baseUrl' parameter specifies the base URL for the application being tested.

• The 'onPrepare' parameter is used to set up the test environment.

• The 'framework' parameter specifies the testing framework to use.

• The 'jasmineNodeOpts' parameter is used t...read more

Print the second largest element in an array of strings

• Sort the array in descending order and print the second element

• Iterate through the array and keep track of the two largest elements

• Use a priority queue to find the second largest element

Printing a star pattern using loops in programming.

• Use nested loops to print the pattern

• The outer loop controls the number of rows

• The inner loop controls the number of stars to be printed in each row

• Use string concatenation to build the pattern

• Example: for a pattern with 5 rows, the first row will have 1 star, the second row will have 2 stars, and so on

Software Testing Lifecycle is a process of verifying and validating software applications before release.

• STLC involves planning, designing, executing, and reporting of tests.

• It includes test case creation, test execution, and defect tracking.

• STLC ensures that the software meets the specified requirements and is of high quality.

• It consists of various phases such as requirement analysis, test planning, test design, test execution, and test closure.

• STLC is an iterative process t...read more

Test cases for a login page

• Verify successful login with valid credentials

• Verify error message displayed with invalid credentials

• Verify password field is masked

• Verify 'forgot password' link redirects to password reset page

• Verify 'create account' link redirects to registration page

Find the max element in the array

• Iterate through the array and compare each element with a variable storing the current max value

• Use built-in functions like Math.max() or spread operator to find the max value

• Consider edge cases like empty array or array with negative values

Find the Kth element from the end of a linked list.

• Traverse the linked list to find its length.

• Subtract K from the length to get the index of the Kth element from the end.

• Traverse the linked list again to find the Kth element from the end.