Scientific Analyst Interview Questions and Answers

Adverse reaction is a broader term that includes any unexpected or harmful response to a substance, while adverse drug reaction specifically refers to reactions caused by medications.

• Adverse reaction can be caused by various factors such as food, environmental factors, or medical procedures, while adverse drug reaction is specifically caused by medications.

• Adverse drug reactions are more predictable and can be classified into different types such as allergic reactions, side e...read more

Pharmacokinetics is the study of how drugs move through the body, while pharmacodynamics is the study of how drugs interact with the body to produce their effects.

• Pharmacokinetics focuses on drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body

• Pharmacodynamics examines how drugs interact with receptors to produce their therapeutic or toxic effects

• Understanding both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is crucial in determining the appropriate dosage and treatm...read more

Coding and decoding strands of DNA and RNA involves translating the genetic information into proteins.

• DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins

• The genetic code consists of codons, each representing an amino acid

• Mutations can lead to changes in the protein sequence

• Examples: Transcription of DNA to mRNA, translation of mRNA to protein

Lock and key mechanism is a concept in biochemistry where a specific enzyme fits perfectly with a specific substrate, similar to a lock and key.

• Enzymes act as keys that fit into specific substrates like locks

• The specificity of the interaction ensures that only the correct substrate can bind to the enzyme

• This mechanism is crucial for various biological processes such as digestion and metabolism

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement, causing tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with balance and coordination.

• Caused by the loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain

• Symptoms include tremors, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), rigidity, and postural instability

• Treatment options include medication, surgery, and therapy

• Famous individuals with Parkinson's disease include Michael J. Fox and Muhammad Ali

Phases of clinical trial include Phase 0, Phase I, Phase II, Phase III, and Phase IV.

• Phase 0: Exploratory study involving very limited human exposure to the drug.

• Phase I: Small group of healthy volunteers to determine safety and dosage.

• Phase II: Larger group to further evaluate safety and efficacy.

• Phase III: Large-scale study to confirm effectiveness, monitor side effects, and compare to existing treatments.

• Phase IV: Post-marketing surveillance to monitor long-term effects an...read more