10+ R&D Officer Interview Questions and Answers

Micropropagation is a technique used to rapidly propagate plants in vitro under sterile conditions.

• The process involves taking small tissue samples from the plant and placing them in a nutrient-rich medium to stimulate growth.

• The medium is usually composed of agar, sucrose, and various plant hormones.

• The tissue samples are then placed in a sterile environment with controlled temperature, humidity, and light conditions.

• After a few weeks, the tissue samples will have grown into...read more

Antigen and antibody are molecules involved in the immune response. Molar buffer is a solution with a specific concentration. pH ranges from 0 to 14.

• Antigen is a substance that triggers an immune response, while antibody is a protein produced by the immune system to neutralize antigens.

• Molar buffer is prepared by dissolving a specific amount of a substance in a specific volume of water to achieve a desired concentration.

• pH ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Acidic sol...read more

Molarity is the concentration of a solution in moles of solute per liter of solution, while Normality is the concentration of a solution in equivalents of solute per liter of solution.

• Molarity is expressed in moles/L, while Normality is expressed in equivalents/L.

• Molarity is used for all types of solutions, while Normality is specifically used for acid-base reactions.

• To calculate Molarity, you need to know the molecular weight of the solute, while for Normality, you need to k...read more

Primary hardening is the initial hardening of a material, while secondary hardening is a delayed hardening process.

• Primary hardening occurs during rapid cooling from high temperatures, while secondary hardening occurs at lower temperatures over a longer period of time.

• Primary hardening is due to the formation of martensite, while secondary hardening is due to the precipitation of fine carbides.

• Secondary hardening can result in an increase in strength and toughness of the mate...read more

Oxidising reagents are substances that accept electrons, while reducing reagents are substances that donate electrons.

• Examples of oxidising reagents: potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid

• Examples of reducing reagents: sodium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, hydrogen gas

Plant tissue culture is the process of growing and maintaining plant cells, tissues, or organs in a sterile and controlled environment.

• It involves the use of aseptic techniques to prevent contamination

• Plant tissue culture can be used for micropropagation, genetic modification, and conservation of rare or endangered plant species

• Commonly used techniques include callus culture, organogenesis, and somatic embryogenesis

• Applications of plant tissue culture include production of di...read more

Dimethyl formamide is a common solvent with the chemical formula C3H7NO.

• Chemical formula: C3H7NO

• Commonly used as a solvent

• Has a high boiling point of 153°C

I perform a variety of name reactions depending on the project requirements.

• I have experience with common name reactions such as Grignard reaction, Friedel-Crafts reaction, and Wittig reaction.

• I also have experience with more specialized reactions such as Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and Stille coupling.

• The choice of reaction depends on the specific goals of the project and the starting materials involved.

• I am always willing to learn and try new reactions as needed for a project.

I am currently earning $60,000 per year.

• My current salary is $60,000 per year.

• I am satisfied with my current salary.

• I have been with my current company for 3 years.

• I received a 5% raise last year.

• I am open to negotiation for a higher salary in a new role.

GC principle is used in various applications in chemistry and biology.

• Gas chromatography for separation and analysis of compounds

• DNA sequencing to determine the order of nucleotides

• Protein purification to isolate and identify specific proteins

• Environmental monitoring to detect pollutants in air and water

• Drug testing to identify and quantify drugs in biological samples

Vilsmeier-Haack reaction is a chemical reaction used to form aldehydes and ketones from aromatic compounds.

• Involves the reaction of an aromatic compound with DMF and POCl3

• Produces an intermediate that can be hydrolyzed to form the desired aldehyde or ketone

• Can also be used to form imines and amides

• Named after the chemists who discovered it: Albrecht Vilsmeier and Rudolf Haack

Switching off an organization involves a systematic process of winding down operations and closing down the business.

• The process should be planned and communicated to all stakeholders

• Legal and financial obligations must be fulfilled

• Assets must be liquidated and debts paid off

• Employees must be informed and provided with support

• Customers and suppliers must be notified

• Records and documents must be properly archived and stored

• The process may take several months to complete

Processing aids are substances used during the manufacturing process to improve efficiency and quality.

• Processing aids are not intended to be present in the final product.

• They can help with tasks such as mixing, emulsifying, or stabilizing ingredients.

• Examples of processing aids include enzymes, emulsifiers, and anti-caking agents.

Name reactions are specific organic chemical reactions that have been given a name.

• Named reactions are commonly used in organic chemistry to describe a specific transformation or reaction mechanism.

• Examples include the Diels-Alder reaction, Grignard reaction, and Friedel-Crafts acylation.

• Knowing name reactions can help chemists communicate more efficiently and accurately about chemical reactions.