10+ R&D Design Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Semaphores, OSI layers, deadlock and ACID protocols in DBMS

• Semaphores are used for process synchronization and communication

• OSI model has 7 layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application

• Deadlock protocols prevent processes from entering a deadlock state

• ACID protocols ensure database transactions are reliable and consistent

Linear data structures have a sequential arrangement of elements while non-linear data structures have a hierarchical arrangement.

• Linear data structures have a fixed number of elements and are easy to traverse.

• Non-linear data structures have an arbitrary number of elements and are difficult to traverse.

• Arrays, linked lists, and stacks are examples of linear data structures.

• Trees, graphs, and heaps are examples of non-linear data structures.

C++ is an extension of C with object-oriented programming features.

• C++ supports classes and objects while C does not.

• C++ has better support for polymorphism and inheritance.

• C++ has a standard template library (STL) for data structures and algorithms.

• C++ allows function overloading while C does not.

• C++ has exception handling while C does not.

Steps for client server connection request.

• Client sends a connection request to the server.

• Server receives the request and sends a response.

• Client receives the response and establishes a connection.

• Connection is maintained until terminated by either party.

I have experience using simulation software such as ANSYS, SolidWorks Simulation, and COMSOL Multiphysics.

• Experience with ANSYS for structural analysis

• Proficient in SolidWorks Simulation for mechanical design validation

• Familiarity with COMSOL Multiphysics for multiphysics simulations

The left view of a binary tree shows the nodes that are visible when the tree is viewed from the left side.

• Traverse the tree recursively from left to right

• Print the first node encountered at each level

• Example: For tree with root node A, left view is A, B, D, G

To find the middle of a linked list, use two pointers - one moving at twice the speed of the other.

• Use two pointers - slow and fast

• Slow pointer moves one node at a time, fast pointer moves two nodes at a time

• When fast pointer reaches the end, slow pointer will be at the middle

Tempering is a heat treatment process to increase toughness and reduce brittleness, while annealing is a heat treatment process to soften material and improve ductility.

• Tempering involves heating the material to a specific temperature and then cooling it quickly, while annealing involves heating the material to a specific temperature and then cooling it slowly.

• Tempering is used to reduce internal stresses and improve toughness, while annealing is used to soften the material a...read more

Processes are independent programs while threads are lightweight processes within a program.

• Processes have their own memory space while threads share memory space.

• Processes communicate through inter-process communication while threads communicate directly.

• Processes are slower to create and terminate than threads.

• Examples of processes are web browsers, word processors, etc. while examples of threads are spell checkers, print spoolers, etc.

Producer and consumer problem is a synchronization problem in computer science where multiple processes share a common resource.

• It occurs when multiple processes try to access a shared resource simultaneously.

• The producer produces data and the consumer consumes it.

• The problem is to ensure that the producer does not produce data when the buffer is full and the consumer does not consume data when the buffer is empty.

• Examples include printing documents, reading and writing files...read more

Different types of coatings include anti-corrosion coatings, thermal barrier coatings, and decorative coatings.

• Anti-corrosion coatings protect metal surfaces from corrosion and rusting.

• Thermal barrier coatings are used to reduce heat transfer and improve energy efficiency.

• Decorative coatings are applied for aesthetic purposes, such as painting a car or furniture.

Spring steel is a type of high carbon steel used for making springs due to its high yield strength and resilience.

• Spring steel is typically made from high carbon steel with a carbon content between 0.6-1.0%

• It is known for its high yield strength and resilience, allowing it to return to its original shape after being bent or compressed

• Common examples of spring steel grades include AISI 1070, AISI 1095, and AISI 6150