10+ Junior Engineer Trainee Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Power factor can be improved by using capacitors, reducing reactive power, and improving system design.

• Installing power factor correction capacitors can reduce reactive power and improve power factor.

• Reducing the use of inductive loads and increasing the use of capacitive loads can improve power factor.

• Improving system design by minimizing voltage drops, using efficient transformers, and properly sizing conductors can improve power factor.

• Implementing power factor correction ...read more

Conductors, semiconductors, and insulators are materials that differ in their ability to conduct electricity.

• Conductors have high electrical conductivity and allow the flow of electric current easily.

• Semiconductors have moderate electrical conductivity, which can be controlled by adding impurities or applying voltage.

• Insulators have very low electrical conductivity and do not allow the flow of electric current.

• Conductors include metals like copper, silver, and gold.

• Semiconduc...read more

Renewable sources of energy are natural resources that can be replenished and are not depleted with use.

• Solar energy: harnessing the power of the sun through solar panels

• Wind energy: converting wind into electricity using wind turbines

• Hydroelectric power: generating electricity from flowing or falling water

• Geothermal energy: utilizing heat from the Earth's core

• Biomass energy: converting organic matter into fuel

• Tidal energy: capturing energy from the tides

• Wave energy: harnessi...read more

Electrical engineering focuses on power generation and distribution, while electronics engineering deals with electronic devices and circuits.

• Electrical engineering deals with large-scale power systems, such as power plants and electrical grids.

• Electronics engineering focuses on small-scale electronic devices, such as computers, smartphones, and microchips.

• Electrical engineering involves the study of power generation, transmission, and distribution.

• Electronics engineering inv...read more

There are two types of temperature coefficient: positive and negative.

• Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) - resistance increases with temperature

• Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) - resistance decreases with temperature

• PTC is used in thermistors for overcurrent protection

• NTC is used in temperature sensors for temperature measurement

Power systems refer to the network of electrical components used to generate, transmit, and distribute electricity.

• Power systems consist of power generation plants, transmission lines, substations, and distribution networks.

• They are designed to ensure a reliable supply of electricity to homes, businesses, and industries.

• Power systems can be interconnected to form a grid, allowing for the sharing of electricity between regions.

• Renewable energy sources such as solar and wind ar...read more

Welding Technology involves joining materials together using heat and/or pressure.

• Welding is a fabrication process that is used to join materials such as metals or thermoplastics.

• Different welding techniques include arc welding, gas welding, and resistance welding.

• Welding can be used in various industries such as construction, automotive, and aerospace.

• Welding requires specialized equipment such as welding machines, electrodes, and protective gear.

• Quality control is important...read more

Air conditioners work by absorbing heat from indoor air and releasing it outside, cooling the indoor space.

• Air conditioner absorbs heat from indoor air through evaporator coils

• Refrigerant in the coils absorbs the heat and evaporates into a gas

• The compressor then compresses the gas, raising its temperature and pressure

• The hot gas is then passed through condenser coils where it releases heat to the outside air

• The refrigerant condenses back into a liquid and the cycle repeats

• The...read more

The laws of thermodynamics are fundamental principles that govern the behavior of energy and matter in the universe.

• First Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted.

• Second Law: The entropy of a closed system will never decrease over time.

• Third Law: As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a system approaches a minimum value.

• Examples: A car engine converting fuel into motion follows the first law. A cup of hot coffee cooling down f...read more

Star delta starter diagram is used to start induction motors with reduced starting current.

• Star delta starter is used for starting induction motors in industries to reduce the starting current.

• It consists of a star contactor and a delta contactor which are connected in a specific sequence.

• During starting, the motor is connected in star configuration to reduce the starting current, then switched to delta configuration for normal operation.

• The diagram typically shows the connec...read more

Duct sizing methods involve calculating the appropriate dimensions for ductwork in HVAC systems.

• Duct sizing is typically determined based on the airflow requirements of the system.

• Factors such as air velocity, pressure drop, and duct material are considered in sizing ducts.

• Common methods for duct sizing include the equal friction method, static regain method, and velocity reduction method.

• Software programs like ACCA Manual D or ASHRAE Duct Fitting Database can also be used fo...read more

Iron carbon diagram shows the phases of iron and carbon at different temperatures.

• Shows the phases of iron and carbon at different temperatures

• Helps in understanding the microstructure of steel

• Critical for heat treatment processes in metallurgy