200+ Architect Interview Questions and Answers

Design software with modular architecture to integrate input sensors from different systems.

• Create a modular architecture to easily integrate input sensors from different systems.

• Develop a standardized data format for input from various sensors.

• Implement a central hub or middleware to collect and process data from different sensors.

• Use APIs or protocols like MQTT, RESTful APIs, or OPC UA for communication between sensors and the software.

Azure & AWS are cloud computing platforms with similar services but differ in pricing, features, and target audience.

• Azure is more focused on integration with Microsoft products while AWS is more flexible in terms of operating systems and programming languages.

• AWS has a wider range of services and features compared to Azure.

• Azure offers better pricing for Windows-based applications while AWS is more cost-effective for Linux-based applications.

• Azure is more suitable for enterp...read more

Creating a central file involves defining the file structure, selecting a storage location, and implementing access controls.

• Define the file structure, including fields and data types

• Select a storage location, such as a server or cloud-based platform

• Implement access controls to ensure only authorized users can access the file

• Consider backup and recovery procedures to protect against data loss

• Test the file to ensure it meets performance and security requirements

Securing microservices involves implementing best practices like authentication, encryption, and network security to protect data and services.

• Implement strong authentication mechanisms (e.g., OAuth2, JWT) to ensure only authorized users can access services.

• Use HTTPS for all communications to encrypt data in transit and prevent eavesdropping.

• Employ API gateways to manage traffic, enforce security policies, and provide a single entry point for microservices.

• Regularly update an...read more

Factors considered while choosing automation tool

• Compatibility with the technology stack

• Ease of use and learning curve

• Scalability and flexibility

• Integration with other tools

• Cost and licensing

• Support and community

• Reporting and analytics capabilities

I have extensive experience in budget and resource planning for successful project execution.

• Experience in creating detailed budget forecasts based on project scope and requirements.

• Utilized project management tools to allocate resources effectively, ensuring optimal team performance.

• Conducted regular budget reviews to track expenditures and adjust forecasts as necessary.

• Collaborated with stakeholders to align budget planning with business objectives and project timelines.

• Imp...read more

To create a scalable pipeline, consider factors like automation, modularity, monitoring, and flexibility.

• Automate repetitive tasks to increase efficiency and reduce errors

• Design modular components that can be easily added or removed to adjust to changing needs

• Implement monitoring tools to track performance and identify bottlenecks

• Ensure flexibility to accommodate future growth and changes in technology

• Examples: Using tools like Jenkins for automation, Docker for containerizat...read more

I will design the application using a centralized data hub to collect live inputs from different systems.

• Create a centralized data hub to collect live inputs from different systems

• Implement APIs or webhooks for real-time data transfer

• Use data transformation tools to standardize incoming data formats

• Ensure data security and compliance with regulations

• Implement monitoring and alerting systems for data quality control

We used various tools and techniques to copy on-prem data to cloud, implemented the model in our application, and secured our Hadoop clusters.

• We used tools like AWS DataSync and Azure Data Factory to transfer data from on-premises to cloud

• For implementing the model, we used frameworks like TensorFlow and PyTorch

• To secure our Hadoop clusters, we implemented authentication and authorization mechanisms, enabled encryption, and used firewalls and VPNs

• We also regularly monitored o...read more

End-to-end testing can be integrated into CI/CD pipelines by automating test scripts and running them after each code change.

• Automate end-to-end test scripts using tools like Selenium or Cypress

• Integrate the automated tests into the CI/CD pipeline to run after each code change

• Use tools like Jenkins or GitLab CI to trigger the end-to-end tests

• Monitor test results and failures to ensure code quality and reliability

Static class is a class that cannot be instantiated and its members can be accessed without creating an object. Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. OOP is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• Static class is used for creating utility classes or for grouping related methods and properties.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were of the same class.

• OOP concepts include encapsulation, inheritance,...read more

I would prefer Ingress in Kubernetes for managing external access to services.

• Ingress provides a way to manage external access to services in a Kubernetes cluster.

• Ingress can provide load balancing, SSL termination, and name-based virtual hosting.

• Ingress allows for more flexibility and control over routing traffic to different services.

• Gateway is more commonly used in the context of API gateways for managing APIs.

• Ingress is a better choice for managing external access to serv...read more

Pre requisites in a CD set include proper planning, design specifications, budget allocation, and client approval.

• Proper planning to outline the goals and objectives of the project

• Design specifications to determine the layout, materials, and structural requirements

• Budget allocation to ensure all costs are accounted for and within the client's budget

• Client approval to proceed with the project

I am skilled in various design tools and software essential for architectural projects, enhancing creativity and efficiency.

• AutoCAD: Proficient in creating detailed 2D and 3D architectural drawings.

• Revit: Experienced in Building Information Modeling (BIM) for collaborative design.

• SketchUp: Skilled in 3D modeling for conceptual designs and presentations.

• Adobe Creative Suite: Utilized for graphic design and presentation materials.

• Lumion: Used for rendering high-quality visualiz...read more

We use a variety of software depending on the project needs.

• Autodesk Revit for BIM modeling

• SketchUp for conceptual design

• Adobe Creative Suite for presentations

• Rhino for complex geometries

• AutoCAD for drafting

• Microsoft Office for project management

• Bluebeam for PDF markup and collaboration

To scale a system to 1 million users, optimize database, use load balancing, and implement caching.

• Optimize database by indexing frequently queried data and partitioning tables

• Use load balancing to distribute traffic across multiple servers

• Implement caching to reduce database queries and improve response time

• Consider using a content delivery network (CDN) to serve static assets

• Use horizontal scaling by adding more servers instead of vertical scaling by upgrading hardware

• Perfo...read more

Message related issues in Kubernetes can be handled by troubleshooting network configurations, checking pod logs, and monitoring resource usage.

• Troubleshoot network configurations to ensure proper communication between pods

• Check pod logs for any error messages or issues related to message passing

• Monitor resource usage to identify any bottlenecks or performance issues affecting message delivery

Yes, I am familiar with * (client name) STA flow.

• Yes, I have experience working with * (client name) STA flow.

• I have successfully implemented * (client name) STA flow in previous projects.

• I am knowledgeable about the specific requirements and processes involved in * (client name) STA flow.

Designing urban cities requires careful planning and consideration of various factors.

• Urban cities need to prioritize sustainability and green spaces to improve quality of life for residents.

• Efficient transportation systems are crucial for reducing traffic congestion and pollution.

• Mixed-use developments can create vibrant communities with easy access to amenities.

• Incorporating smart technology can enhance urban living experiences and improve efficiency.

• Collaboration with loca...read more

Wet sanding is a technique used in construction and woodworking to smooth surfaces using water and abrasive materials.

• Wet sanding involves wetting the surface being sanded and using wet sandpaper or abrasive pads.

• Water helps to lubricate the surface and prevent dust from becoming airborne.

• It is commonly used to smooth drywall, wood, and automotive finishes.

• Wet sanding can be done by hand or with the help of power tools like sanders or polishers.

• The process gradually removes i...read more

A suitable approach to build a system in a set of particular requirements involves understanding the requirements, designing the system architecture, selecting appropriate technologies, and testing the system.

• Understand the requirements thoroughly

• Design the system architecture based on the requirements

• Select appropriate technologies for the system

• Test the system to ensure it meets the requirements

• Iterate on the design and testing as necessary

• Consider scalability, security, an...read more

I discovered ONE EAST DESIGN INFRA through industry networking and their impressive portfolio showcased online.

• Attended a design conference where ONE EAST DESIGN INFRA was a featured speaker.

• Followed their projects on social media, particularly their innovative urban designs.

• Read articles in architectural magazines highlighting their sustainable design practices.

• Connected with former employees who praised the company's collaborative culture.

Yes, I have experience with both block-level and subsystem-level STA.

• I have experience with block-level STA, where I focused on timing analysis within a specific block of the design.

• I have also worked on subsystem-level STA, which involves analyzing timing across multiple blocks or components of the design.

• Examples of tools I have used for STA include PrimeTime and Tempus.

Migration tools are software programs used to transfer data from one system to another.

• Some popular migration tools include AWS Database Migration Service, Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant, and Oracle Data Integrator.

• These tools can be used to migrate data between different types of databases, such as from MySQL to PostgreSQL.

• Migration tools can also be used to move data from on-premises systems to cloud-based systems, or between different cloud providers.

• They often i...read more

Yes, I have done customisation in spring-boot.

• Implemented custom error handling by extending ResponseEntityExceptionHandler

• Created custom annotations for validation

• Configured custom logging using Logback

Performance improvement can be managed through setting clear goals, providing feedback, and offering training and development opportunities.

• Set specific and measurable goals for employees to work towards

• Provide regular feedback and coaching to help employees improve

• Offer training and development opportunities to enhance skills and knowledge

• Recognize and reward employees for their achievements

• Create a culture of continuous improvement and learning

• Use data and metrics to track ...read more

Dependency injection is a design pattern that allows objects to receive dependencies rather than creating them internally.

• Dependency injection separates the creation of an object from its dependencies.

• It makes code more modular and testable.

• There are three types of dependency injection: constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection.

• Example: Instead of creating a database connection object inside a class, the object is passed as a parameter to the class cons...read more