200+ Architect Interview Questions and Answers

To consume multiple APIs in parallel, use asynchronous programming techniques like Promises or async/await.

• Use asynchronous programming techniques like Promises or async/await to make API calls concurrently.

• Create an array of Promises for each API call and then use Promise.all() to wait for all of them to resolve.

• Consider using libraries like Axios or Fetch for making API calls in a more efficient manner.

Exceptions in SpringBoot can be handled using @ExceptionHandler, @ControllerAdvice, or custom exception classes.

• Use @ExceptionHandler annotation in controller classes to handle specific exceptions

• Use @ControllerAdvice annotation to define global exception handling for all controllers

• Create custom exception classes by extending RuntimeException or Exception classes

• Use try-catch blocks to handle exceptions within specific methods

Printing array from cyclic order starting from given index

• Use modulo operator to handle cyclic order

• Iterate through the array starting from the given index and print each element

• Wrap around to the beginning of the array if the index exceeds the array length

Streams are sequences of data that can be read or written to sequentially. They are used for input/output operations in programming.

• Streams are used for reading and writing data from/to files, network connections, and other sources.

• They can be used for processing large amounts of data efficiently.

• Examples of streams include FileInputStream, FileOutputStream, and DataInputStream in Java.

Yes, I am well versed with 3D softwares.

• I have extensive experience with Autodesk Maya and 3ds Max.

• I am proficient in creating 3D models, animations, and visual effects.

• I have also worked with Blender and Cinema 4D for specific projects.

• I keep myself updated with the latest software updates and techniques.

Data governance involves establishing policies and procedures for managing data assets, while data architecture implementation focuses on designing and implementing the structure and organization of data within an organization.

• Data governance involves defining roles and responsibilities for managing data, establishing data quality standards, and ensuring compliance with regulations.

• Data architecture implementation includes designing data models, creating data storage solution...read more

API lead and Microservices Architectures are two different approaches to designing and building software systems.

• API lead architecture focuses on designing and exposing APIs as the primary means of communication between different components of a system.

• Microservices architecture is an architectural style that structures an application as a collection of small, loosely coupled services.

• API lead architecture emphasizes the design and management of APIs, while microservices arch...read more

The work of drug product in pharma involves the development, manufacturing, testing, and distribution of medications for various medical conditions.

• Development of new drug formulations to treat specific diseases

• Manufacturing of drugs in various forms such as tablets, capsules, injections, etc.

• Testing the efficacy and safety of drugs through clinical trials

• Distribution of approved drugs to pharmacies, hospitals, and healthcare providers

• Regulatory compliance to ensure quality a...read more

The low level design of my architecture proposal focuses on detailed components and interactions.

• Detailed breakdown of system components and their interactions

• Specific technologies and tools used for implementation

• Data flow diagrams and sequence diagrams for each component

• Error handling and recovery mechanisms

• Scalability and performance considerations

Our model had an accuracy rate of 95%.

• Our model was tested on a dataset of 1000 samples.

• Out of those 1000 samples, 950 were classified correctly.

• We used a variety of evaluation metrics to measure accuracy, including precision and recall.

The perfect window size for a toilet depends on the size of the room and the desired amount of natural light and ventilation.

• Consider the size of the room and the location of the toilet within the room

• Take into account the desired amount of natural light and ventilation

• Common window sizes for toilets are 24x24 inches or 24x36 inches

• Larger windows may provide more natural light but may compromise privacy

• Smaller windows may provide less natural light but may offer more privacy

My expected CTC is in line with industry standards and commensurate with my experience and skills.

• My expected CTC is based on my experience, skills, and the job responsibilities

• I have researched industry standards and salary ranges for similar positions

• I am open to negotiation based on the overall compensation package

• I am looking for a fair and competitive salary that reflects my value to the company

The approximate cost estimate for constructing a multi specialty hospital can vary greatly depending on factors such as location, size, facilities, and quality of materials.

• Cost can range from $100 to $500 per square foot for construction

• Additional costs for equipment, furnishings, and technology can add significantly to the total

• Costs can also vary based on the level of specialization and quality of care provided

• Consulting with a construction expert or contractor is recommen...read more

Architectural patterns guide the design of systems, ensuring scalability, maintainability, and performance based on prior experiences.

• Microservices architecture allows for independent deployment and scaling of services, e.g., Netflix uses this for its streaming service.

• Event-driven architecture enhances responsiveness and decouples components, as seen in systems like Amazon's order processing.

• Layered architecture separates concerns, making it easier to manage, e.g., the tradi...read more

Ethernet PDU in AUTOSAR explained layer by layer

• Ethernet PDU is divided into multiple layers in AUTOSAR

• Each layer performs specific functions in data transmission

• Layers include Ethernet physical layer, Ethernet MAC layer, and Ethernet network layer

• Ethernet physical layer deals with physical transmission of data

• Ethernet MAC layer handles addressing and data framing

• Ethernet network layer manages routing and packet forwarding

SQL analytical functions are used to perform calculations across a set of rows in a table.

• They allow for advanced analysis and reporting in SQL queries.

• Examples include functions like RANK(), ROW_NUMBER(), and LEAD().

Databricks Medallion Architecture is a cloud-based architecture for data processing and analytics.

• Databricks Medallion Architecture is designed to handle large-scale data processing and analytics tasks in a distributed manner.

• It leverages Apache Spark for processing data in-memory and provides a unified analytics platform for data scientists, engineers, and business users.

• The architecture includes components like Databricks Runtime, Delta Lake, MLflow, and Databricks SQL for ...read more

Saga patterns are used to manage long-running transactions in a microservices architecture.

• Saga patterns help ensure consistency and reliability in distributed systems.

• They are used to coordinate multiple microservices to complete a complex transaction.

• Sagas use a series of local transactions and compensating actions to maintain data integrity.

• They provide fault tolerance and allow for easy rollback or compensation in case of failures.

• An example of a saga pattern is the Order...read more

Testing for cement on site involves various procedures to ensure its quality and suitability for construction.

• Physical tests: Checking for color, fineness, and consistency.

• Chemical tests: Determining the composition and presence of impurities.

• Strength tests: Conducting compressive and tensile strength tests.

• Setting time tests: Measuring the time taken for the cement to set.

• Soundness tests: Assessing the volume stability of cement.

• Fineness tests: Determining the particle size ...read more

Implemented agile methodology and increased team collaboration to meet project deadline

• Implemented daily stand-up meetings to track progress and address any roadblocks

• Utilized project management tools like Jira to prioritize tasks and monitor progress

• Encouraged open communication and feedback among team members to ensure timely delivery

The current project architecture is a microservices-based system with a containerized deployment using Kubernetes.

• Microservices architecture allows for modular and scalable development.

• Containerization with Kubernetes enables efficient deployment and management of services.

• Use of service mesh for communication between microservices.

• Integration of monitoring and logging tools for observability.

• Implementation of CI/CD pipelines for automated testing and deployment.

Safety in design refers to the process of incorporating safety measures and considerations into the design of a structure or system.

• Safety in design involves identifying potential hazards and risks and implementing measures to mitigate them.

• It includes considering factors such as fire safety, structural integrity, accessibility, and emergency evacuation.

• Designing with safety in mind can prevent accidents, injuries, and property damage.

• Examples of safety measures in design inc...read more

Yes, I am able to handle work pressure effectively.

• I have developed strong time management and prioritization skills to handle multiple tasks and deadlines.

• I remain calm and focused under pressure, allowing me to make rational decisions and find solutions.

• I have experience working on high-pressure projects, such as tight deadlines or demanding clients.

• I believe in effective communication and collaboration with team members to share the workload and support each other during s...read more

My expected salary CTC is in line with industry standards and based on my experience and qualifications.

• My expected salary is based on my years of experience in the field.

• I have researched industry standards for Architect salaries in my area.

• I am open to negotiation based on the overall compensation package offered.

Design an ecommerce web app

• Include a user-friendly interface for easy navigation

• Integrate a secure payment gateway for transactions

• Provide detailed product descriptions and high-quality images

• Include a search bar and filters for easy product discovery

• Allow customers to create accounts and save their preferences

• Provide customer support through chat or email

• Include a review and rating system for products

• Offer promotions and discounts to incentivize purchases

Conceptual mass is a preliminary design model used in architecture to explore and test design ideas.

• It is a 3D model created in software like Revit or SketchUp

• It is used to study the form, scale, and spatial relationships of a building

• It is not a detailed design, but rather a rough representation of the building's massing

• It helps architects and clients visualize and understand the design concept

• Examples include the initial massing models for the Burj Khalifa and the Guggenhei...read more

I am very proficient in using SketchUp software.

• I have been using SketchUp for several years and have completed numerous projects using the software.

• I am skilled in creating 3D models, rendering, and creating detailed drawings.

• I am also familiar with various plugins and extensions that can enhance the software's capabilities.

• For example, I recently used the V-Ray plugin to create photorealistic renderings of a client's project.

I am proficient in AutoCAD, Revit, SketchUp, and Adobe Creative Suite.

• AutoCAD

• Revit

• SketchUp

• Adobe Creative Suite

Gang of Four design patterns are a set of 23 software design patterns that were introduced in the book 'Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software'.

• Gang of Four design patterns were identified by Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides.

• These patterns are categorized into three groups: creational, structural, and behavioral.

• Examples of Gang of Four design patterns include Singleton, Factory Method, Observer, and Strategy.

DevOps benefits include faster delivery, improved collaboration, increased efficiency, and better quality.

• Faster time-to-market for software releases

• Improved collaboration between development and operations teams

• Increased efficiency through automation and continuous delivery

• Better quality through continuous testing and monitoring

• Reduced risk of errors and downtime

• Improved customer satisfaction and loyalty

• Cost savings through streamlined processes and reduced waste

OOPS concepts are the principles of Object-Oriented Programming that help in designing and implementing software systems.

• Encapsulation - bundling of data and methods that operate on that data

• Inheritance - ability of a class to inherit properties and methods from a parent class

• Polymorphism - ability of objects to take on multiple forms or behaviors

• Abstraction - hiding of complex implementation details and providing a simplified interface

• Examples: Java, C++, Python

Containers and pods are commonly used in 5G core networks for efficient deployment and scaling of network functions.

• Containers provide lightweight, isolated environments for running applications, making them ideal for deploying network functions in 5G core networks.

• Pods in Kubernetes are groups of one or more containers that share resources and networking, allowing for easier management and scaling of network functions.

• Examples of network functions that can be implemented in ...read more

Designing architecture involves creating spaces that provide a unique and memorable experience for the user.

• Architecture should be functional and aesthetically pleasing

• Consider the user's needs and desires when designing the space

• Incorporate elements that create a sense of place and identity

• Use materials and textures that enhance the experience

• Lighting and sound can also play a role in creating a memorable experience

Yes, I am proficient in using Revit for architectural design and documentation.

• I have extensive experience in creating 3D models, generating construction drawings, and coordinating with other disciplines using Revit.

• I am familiar with the various tools and features of Revit, such as creating families, applying parametric constraints, and utilizing schedules.

• I have successfully completed multiple architectural projects using Revit, including residential, commercial, and instit...read more

Authorization can be implemented using various methods such as role-based access control, attribute-based access control, and OAuth.

• Define roles and permissions for users

• Use authentication mechanisms such as username/password or tokens

• Implement access control mechanisms such as RBAC or ABAC

• Consider using OAuth for third-party authorization

• Regularly review and update authorization policies

Precast and cast-in-situ are two methods of concrete construction with different advantages and disadvantages.

• Precast concrete is manufactured off-site and transported to the construction site, while cast-in-situ concrete is poured and cured on-site.

• Precast concrete is more uniform in quality and can be produced faster, but requires more transportation and handling costs.

• Cast-in-situ concrete is more flexible in terms of design and can be used for complex shapes and structure...read more

The cost of a residential individual building varies depending on various factors.

• The cost is influenced by the location of the building.

• The size and complexity of the building also affect the cost.

• The materials used and the quality of finishes also play a role in determining the cost.

• Labor costs and the cost of permits and inspections are additional factors to consider.

• On average, the cost of building a single-family home in the US ranges from $100 to $400 per square foot.

Abstraction is a fundamental concept in OOPS that allows hiding implementation details and focusing on essential features.

• Abstraction is the process of identifying essential features and ignoring the rest.

• It allows creating abstract classes and interfaces that can be implemented by concrete classes.

• Abstraction helps in achieving encapsulation and modularity in software design.

• Examples of abstraction include abstract classes, interfaces, and inheritance.

• Abstraction is one of t...read more

Google search engine works by crawling and indexing web pages, and then ranking them based on relevance and authority.

• Google uses automated programs called spiders to crawl the web and discover new pages.

• The information from these pages is then indexed and stored in Google's database.

• When a user enters a search query, Google's algorithm determines the most relevant results based on factors like keywords, backlinks, and user experience.

• The search results are ranked based on re...read more

Effective communication, understanding needs, building relationships, managing expectations

• Establish clear communication channels with stakeholders

• Understand the needs and priorities of each stakeholder

• Build strong relationships based on trust and transparency

• Manage expectations by setting realistic goals and timelines

• Regularly update stakeholders on project progress and involve them in decision-making

• Address any concerns or conflicts promptly and professionally

Terraform is an open-source infrastructure as code software tool that allows users to define and provision a data center infrastructure.

• Terraform is used to automate the creation, modification, and deletion of infrastructure resources.

• It supports multiple cloud providers such as AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud Platform.

• Terraform uses a declarative language called HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL) to define infrastructure resources.

• It provides a way to manage infrastructure ...read more

Excavation specification outlines the requirements for digging and removing soil or rock from a site.

• Excavation depth and dimensions

• Type of soil or rock to be excavated

• Method of excavation (manual or mechanical)

• Location of excavated material disposal

• Safety measures for workers and surrounding structures

• Environmental considerations

• Backfilling and compaction requirements

Hyderabad is a vibrant city known for its rich history, culture, and delicious cuisine.

• Hyderabad is famous for its iconic Charminar, a 16th-century mosque with four grand arches.

• The city is a hub for technology companies, with a booming IT industry.

• Hyderabad is also known for its delicious biryani, a flavorful rice dish cooked with meat and spices.

• The city has a mix of modern skyscrapers and historic monuments, showcasing its blend of tradition and progress.

• Hyderabad is home ...read more

PL/SQL collections are data structures used to store multiple elements of the same data type in Oracle databases.

• PL/SQL collections include associative arrays, nested tables, and VARRAYs.

• They can be used to store data temporarily during processing.

• Examples include storing employee names in an array or tracking customer orders in a nested table.

Designing architecture for high volume applications requires scalable infrastructure, efficient data storage, and optimized performance.

• Utilize cloud services for scalability and flexibility

• Implement caching mechanisms to reduce load on servers

• Use distributed databases for efficient data storage and retrieval

• Optimize code for performance and minimize latency

• Consider microservices architecture for modular and scalable design

Our product is a cutting-edge architectural software that streamlines the design process and enhances collaboration among team members.

• Our product offers advanced 3D modeling capabilities for creating realistic architectural designs.

• It includes features for generating detailed construction drawings and documentation.

• The software allows for easy sharing and collaboration on projects with team members and clients.

• It also integrates with other design software and tools for a sea...read more

To create a 2-story building model on Revit, follow these steps:

• Open Revit and create a new project

• Set the project units and levels

• Draw the building footprint using walls, columns, and beams

• Create floors for each level

• Add doors, windows, and other architectural elements

• Apply materials and textures to the model

• Add furniture, fixtures, and equipment

• Create a roof for the building

• Add stairs and elevators for vertical circulation

• Review and refine the model for accuracy and complet...read more