50+ Applications Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Find indices in an array where the sum of elements around them is equal.

• Equilibrium point is defined as sum of elements before index i equals sum of elements from index i to t+p-1.

• Example: For P=2 and Array={1,-1,3,-3,10,-10,17}, indices 2, 4, and 5 are equilibrium points.

• At index 2: Left sum (1 + -1) = 0, Right sum (3) = 3; not an equilibrium.

• At index 4: Left sum (1 + -1 + 3 + -3) = 0, Right sum (10 + -10) = 0; equilibrium found.

• At index 5: Left sum (1 + -1 + 3 + -3 + 10) = ...read more

Print all possible combinations of strings by picking one character from each string in the array.

• Iterate through each character of the first string and combine it with each character of the second string.

• Repeat the process for all strings in the array to get all possible combinations.

• Use nested loops to generate combinations efficiently.

Modified Balanced Parentheses where characters can be matched with any other character.

• Use a stack to keep track of opening characters

• When encountering a closing character, check if it matches the top of the stack

• If it matches, pop from the stack, else return false

• Continue until end of string, return true if stack is empty

Java program to calculate date n days after given date without using Date parsing libraries.

• Parse the input date string to extract day, month, and year components.

• Calculate the total number of days represented by the input date.

• Add the specified number of days to the total days calculated.

• Convert the final total days back to day, month, and year components to get the new date.

The initial and final setting times of ordinary Portland cement grade 33 vary depending on several factors.

• The initial setting time of cement refers to the time it takes for the cement to harden and develop a certain degree of rigidity.

• The final setting time is the time it takes for the cement to fully harden and reach its maximum strength.

• The setting times can be influenced by factors such as temperature, water-cement ratio, and the presence of additives.

• The specific initial...read more

Traverse a matrix in spiral order, collecting elements layer by layer.

• Start from the top-left corner and move right until the end of the row.

• Then, move down the last column.

• Next, move left across the bottom row.

• Finally, move up the first column.

• Repeat the process for the inner layers until all elements are traversed.

• Example: For a matrix [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]], the spiral order is [1,2,3,6,9,8,7,4,5].

Find all possible combinations of 2 elements in an array of length N whose sum is 10.

• Iterate through the array and for each element, check if there exists another element in the array whose sum is 10.

• Use a nested loop to compare each element with every other element in the array.

• Store the pairs of elements whose sum is 10 in a new array.

• Return the array of pairs.

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. Encapsulation is the practice of hiding data and methods within a class. Inheritance is the ability of a class to inherit properties and methods from a parent class.

• Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as if they are of different types.

• Encapsulation helps to protect data from outside interference and misuse.

• Inheritance allows for code reuse and promotes a hierarchical structure of classes.

• Example of polymorp...read more

Print Pythagorean triplets within a given range.

• Iterate through all possible combinations of a, b, and c within the given range

• Check if a^2 + b^2 = c^2 for each combination

• Print the triplets that satisfy the Pythagorean theorem

Stacks are a data structure that follows the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle. They are used to store and retrieve data in a specific order.

• Stacks have two main operations: push (to add an element to the top) and pop (to remove the top element)

• Examples of stacks include the call stack in programming languages, undo/redo functionality in text editors, and the back button in web browsers

SCCM is a system management tool used for deploying, managing and monitoring software and hardware in an enterprise environment.

• SCCM stands for System Center Configuration Manager

• It allows for remote management of devices and software deployment

• Features include inventory management, software distribution, patch management, and OS deployment

• It can be used to manage Windows, Mac, and Linux devices

• SCCM integrates with other Microsoft tools like Active Directory and Intune

The pillars of object oriented programming are encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (object).

• Inheritance: Allowing a new class to inherit properties and behavior from an existing class.

• Polymorphism: The ability for objects of different classes to respond to the same message in different ways.

IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numerical labels used to identify devices on a network, while IPv6 addresses are 128-bit numerical labels.

• IPv4 addresses are written in decimal format separated by periods (e.g. 192.168.1.1), while IPv6 addresses are written in hexadecimal format separated by colons (e.g. 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).

• IPv4 addresses have a limited address space, allowing for approximately 4.3 billion unique addresses, while IPv6 addresses have a significan...read more

Binary search finds the position of a target value within a sorted array. Merge sort and bubble sort are sorting algorithms.

• Binary search: repeatedly divide the search interval in half until the target value is found or not found

• Merge sort: divide the unsorted list into n sublists, repeatedly merge sublists to produce new sorted sublists until there is only 1 sublist remaining

• Bubble sort: repeatedly swap adjacent elements if they are in the wrong order until the list is sorte...read more

Interfaces are used to define contracts for classes to implement, while abstract classes can provide partial implementation.

• Interfaces can only have abstract methods and cannot have any implementation, while abstract classes can have both abstract and concrete methods.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Interfaces are used to achieve multiple inheritance in Java, while abstract classes are used to provide a common base for su...read more

M-25 ratio is a mix design ratio used in concrete construction.

• M-25 ratio refers to the mix design ratio of concrete, where M represents the compressive strength of concrete after 28 days of curing.

• In M-25 ratio, the ratio of cement, sand, and aggregate is 1:1:2 respectively.

• For example, if we need to prepare 1 cubic meter of M-25 grade concrete, we would require 1/4 cubic meter of cement, 1/4 cubic meter of sand, and 1/2 cubic meter of aggregate.

Dry volume cement is the volume of cement required in a dry state for a given volume of concrete.

• Dry volume cement is calculated by multiplying the volume of cement required by the bulkage factor.

• Bulkage factor is the ratio of the volume of dry cement to the volume of cement in a wet state.

• Dry volume cement estimation is important in determining the quantity of cement required for a construction project.

• For example, if the wet volume of cement required for a project is 1 cubi...read more

I handle errors by identifying the root cause, troubleshooting, and implementing a solution to prevent future occurrences.

• Identify the root cause of the error

• Troubleshoot the issue thoroughly

• Implement a solution to prevent future occurrences

• Document the error and solution for reference

Static load is a constant force acting on a structure, while dynamic load is a force that varies with time.

• Static load remains constant over time, while dynamic load changes with time

• Examples of static load include the weight of a building or a bridge, while examples of dynamic load include wind or earthquake forces

• Static load can be easily calculated using simple equations, while dynamic load requires more complex analysis

Linked list is better than array for dynamic memory allocation and insertion/deletion operations.

• Linked list allows for dynamic memory allocation, while arrays have a fixed size.

• Insertion and deletion operations are faster in linked list as compared to arrays.

• Arrays have better cache locality and are faster for random access.

• Linked list is used in applications like implementing stacks, queues, and hash tables.

• Arrays are used in applications like matrix operations and binary s...read more

C++ is better than C due to its object-oriented programming features and better memory management.

• C++ supports object-oriented programming while C does not.

• C++ has better memory management with features like constructors and destructors.

• C++ has more advanced features like templates and exceptions.

• C++ is more versatile and can be used for both low-level system programming and high-level application development.

• C++ has a larger standard library compared to C.

• C++ allows for func...read more

Power leakage is the power dissipated in CMOS circuits when transistors are in off state, while dynamic power is the power dissipated during switching.

• Power leakage occurs due to subthreshold leakage currents in transistors when they are in off state

• Dynamic power is the power dissipated during charging and discharging of capacitive loads in CMOS circuits

• Power leakage increases with decreasing transistor size, while dynamic power increases with increasing clock frequency

• Techni...read more

The regions of operation of MOSFETs in a CMOS inverter are cutoff, triode, and saturation.

• MOSFET operates in cutoff region when Vgs < Vth

• MOSFET operates in triode region when Vgs > Vth and Vds < Vgs - Vth

• MOSFET operates in saturation region when Vgs > Vth and Vds > Vgs - Vth

• CMOS inverter uses both NMOS and PMOS transistors to achieve high noise immunity and low power consumption

BMS stands for Building Management System. It is a computer-based control system that manages and monitors a building's mechanical and electrical equipment.

• BMS controls and monitors HVAC systems, lighting, security, fire alarms, and other building systems.

• It typically consists of sensors, controllers, communication networks, and user interfaces.

• Examples of BMS vendors include Siemens, Honeywell, and Johnson Controls.

Understanding C programming basics through tricky pseudo codes enhances problem-solving skills and coding proficiency.

• C is a procedural programming language that uses functions to perform tasks.

• Variables must be declared before use, e.g., 'int a;' declares an integer variable.

• Control structures like 'if', 'for', and 'while' dictate the flow of the program.

• Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable, e.g., 'int arr[5];' creates an array of 5 integers.

• Pointers...read more

AHU stands for Air Handling Unit. It is a device used to regulate and circulate air as part of a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system.

• AHU is a crucial component of HVAC systems, responsible for circulating and regulating air throughout a building.

• It typically consists of a blower, heating or cooling elements, filters, dampers, and sound attenuators.

• AHUs can be customized based on the specific requirements of a building, such as size, capacity, and efficien...read more

FCU stands for Fan Coil Unit. It is a device that consists of a heat exchanger coil and a fan to provide heating and cooling to a space.

• FCU is commonly used in HVAC systems to regulate the temperature of a room or building.

• It works by circulating hot or cold water through the coil, which then heats or cools the air that is blown over it by the fan.

• FCUs can be controlled manually or through a building automation system for more precise temperature control.

• Examples of FCUs incl...read more