40+ Applications Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Modified Balanced Parentheses where characters can be matched with any other character.

• Use a stack to keep track of opening characters

• When encountering a closing character, check if it matches the top of the stack

• If it matches, pop from the stack, else return false

• Continue until end of string, return true if stack is empty

Print all possible combinations of strings by picking one character from each string in the array.

• Iterate through each character of the first string and combine it with each character of the second string.

• Repeat the process for all strings in the array to get all possible combinations.

• Use nested loops to generate combinations efficiently.

Java program to calculate date n days after given date without using Date parsing libraries.

• Parse the input date string to extract day, month, and year components.

• Calculate the total number of days represented by the input date.

• Add the specified number of days to the total days calculated.

• Convert the final total days back to day, month, and year components to get the new date.

Use backtracking to find all combinations of numbers in an array that sum up to a given number.

• Start by sorting the array in non-decreasing order to easily identify combinations.

• Use backtracking to recursively find all combinations that sum up to the target number.

• Keep track of the current combination and the remaining sum as you traverse the array.

• Add the current combination to the result when the sum equals the target number.

Find all possible combinations of 2 elements in an array of length N whose sum is 10.

• Iterate through the array and for each element, check if there exists another element in the array whose sum is 10.

• Use a nested loop to compare each element with every other element in the array.

• Store the pairs of elements whose sum is 10 in a new array.

• Return the array of pairs.

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. Encapsulation is the practice of hiding data and methods within a class. Inheritance is the ability of a class to inherit properties and methods from a parent class.

• Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as if they are of different types.

• Encapsulation helps to protect data from outside interference and misuse.

• Inheritance allows for code reuse and promotes a hierarchical structure of classes.

• Example of polymorp...read more

Print Pythagorean triplets within a given range.

• Iterate through all possible combinations of a, b, and c within the given range

• Check if a^2 + b^2 = c^2 for each combination

• Print the triplets that satisfy the Pythagorean theorem

Stacks are a data structure that follows the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle. They are used to store and retrieve data in a specific order.

• Stacks have two main operations: push (to add an element to the top) and pop (to remove the top element)

• Examples of stacks include the call stack in programming languages, undo/redo functionality in text editors, and the back button in web browsers

Check if a string has balanced parentheses.

• Use a stack to keep track of opening parentheses.

• Iterate through the string and push opening parentheses onto the stack.

• When a closing parenthesis is encountered, pop from the stack and check if it matches the closing parenthesis.

• If stack is empty at the end and all parentheses are matched, the string has balanced parentheses.

SCCM is a system management tool used for deploying, managing and monitoring software and hardware in an enterprise environment.

• SCCM stands for System Center Configuration Manager

• It allows for remote management of devices and software deployment

• Features include inventory management, software distribution, patch management, and OS deployment

• It can be used to manage Windows, Mac, and Linux devices

• SCCM integrates with other Microsoft tools like Active Directory and Intune

Binary search finds the position of a target value within a sorted array. Merge sort and bubble sort are sorting algorithms.

• Binary search: repeatedly divide the search interval in half until the target value is found or not found

• Merge sort: divide the unsorted list into n sublists, repeatedly merge sublists to produce new sorted sublists until there is only 1 sublist remaining

• Bubble sort: repeatedly swap adjacent elements if they are in the wrong order until the list is sorte...read more

The pillars of object oriented programming are encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (object).

• Inheritance: Allowing a new class to inherit properties and behavior from an existing class.

• Polymorphism: The ability for objects of different classes to respond to the same message in different ways.

M-25 ratio is a mix design ratio used in concrete construction.

• M-25 ratio refers to the mix design ratio of concrete, where M represents the compressive strength of concrete after 28 days of curing.

• In M-25 ratio, the ratio of cement, sand, and aggregate is 1:1:2 respectively.

• For example, if we need to prepare 1 cubic meter of M-25 grade concrete, we would require 1/4 cubic meter of cement, 1/4 cubic meter of sand, and 1/2 cubic meter of aggregate.

Dry volume cement is the volume of cement required in a dry state for a given volume of concrete.

• Dry volume cement is calculated by multiplying the volume of cement required by the bulkage factor.

• Bulkage factor is the ratio of the volume of dry cement to the volume of cement in a wet state.

• Dry volume cement estimation is important in determining the quantity of cement required for a construction project.

• For example, if the wet volume of cement required for a project is 1 cubi...read more

I handle errors by identifying the root cause, troubleshooting, and implementing a solution to prevent future occurrences.

• Identify the root cause of the error

• Troubleshoot the issue thoroughly

• Implement a solution to prevent future occurrences

• Document the error and solution for reference

Interfaces are used to define contracts for classes to implement, while abstract classes can provide partial implementation.

• Interfaces can only have abstract methods and cannot have any implementation, while abstract classes can have both abstract and concrete methods.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class.

• Interfaces are used to achieve multiple inheritance in Java, while abstract classes are used to provide a common base for su...read more

Static load is a constant force acting on a structure, while dynamic load is a force that varies with time.

• Static load remains constant over time, while dynamic load changes with time

• Examples of static load include the weight of a building or a bridge, while examples of dynamic load include wind or earthquake forces

• Static load can be easily calculated using simple equations, while dynamic load requires more complex analysis

Linked list is better than array for dynamic memory allocation and insertion/deletion operations.

• Linked list allows for dynamic memory allocation, while arrays have a fixed size.

• Insertion and deletion operations are faster in linked list as compared to arrays.

• Arrays have better cache locality and are faster for random access.

• Linked list is used in applications like implementing stacks, queues, and hash tables.

• Arrays are used in applications like matrix operations and binary s...read more

C++ is better than C due to its object-oriented programming features and better memory management.

• C++ supports object-oriented programming while C does not.

• C++ has better memory management with features like constructors and destructors.

• C++ has more advanced features like templates and exceptions.

• C++ is more versatile and can be used for both low-level system programming and high-level application development.

• C++ has a larger standard library compared to C.

• C++ allows for func...read more

Power leakage is the power dissipated in CMOS circuits when transistors are in off state, while dynamic power is the power dissipated during switching.

• Power leakage occurs due to subthreshold leakage currents in transistors when they are in off state

• Dynamic power is the power dissipated during charging and discharging of capacitive loads in CMOS circuits

• Power leakage increases with decreasing transistor size, while dynamic power increases with increasing clock frequency

• Techni...read more

The regions of operation of MOSFETs in a CMOS inverter are cutoff, triode, and saturation.

• MOSFET operates in cutoff region when Vgs < Vth

• MOSFET operates in triode region when Vgs > Vth and Vds < Vgs - Vth

• MOSFET operates in saturation region when Vgs > Vth and Vds > Vgs - Vth

• CMOS inverter uses both NMOS and PMOS transistors to achieve high noise immunity and low power consumption

BMS stands for Building Management System. It is a computer-based control system that manages and monitors a building's mechanical and electrical equipment.

• BMS controls and monitors HVAC systems, lighting, security, fire alarms, and other building systems.

• It typically consists of sensors, controllers, communication networks, and user interfaces.

• Examples of BMS vendors include Siemens, Honeywell, and Johnson Controls.

AHU stands for Air Handling Unit. It is a device used to regulate and circulate air as part of a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system.

• AHU is a crucial component of HVAC systems, responsible for circulating and regulating air throughout a building.

• It typically consists of a blower, heating or cooling elements, filters, dampers, and sound attenuators.

• AHUs can be customized based on the specific requirements of a building, such as size, capacity, and efficien...read more

FCU stands for Fan Coil Unit. It is a device that consists of a heat exchanger coil and a fan to provide heating and cooling to a space.

• FCU is commonly used in HVAC systems to regulate the temperature of a room or building.

• It works by circulating hot or cold water through the coil, which then heats or cools the air that is blown over it by the fan.

• FCUs can be controlled manually or through a building automation system for more precise temperature control.

• Examples of FCUs incl...read more

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time.

• Acceleration is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.

• It is measured in meters per second squared (m/s^2).

• Acceleration can be positive (speeding up), negative (slowing down), or zero (constant speed).

• Examples of acceleration include a car accelerating from a stop sign, a roller coaster going down a hill, and a rocket launching into space.

Data warehouse is a centralized repository for storing and analyzing data from various sources to support decision-making processes.

• Data warehouse stores historical data from different sources for analysis

• It is used for reporting, querying, and data mining

• Data is structured in a way that makes it easier to query and analyze

• Examples: Amazon using data warehouse to analyze customer behavior, sales trends

• Data warehouse helps in making strategic decisions based on data analysis

Material characterization techniques involve analyzing the properties of materials to understand their composition and behavior.

• Common techniques include X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

• These techniques help determine material composition, crystal structure, surface morphology, and chemical bonding.

• Other techniques like thermal analysis, mechanical testing, and spectroscopy can also be used for material characteriza...read more

Chillers are refrigeration systems that remove heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption cycle.

• Chillers are commonly used in industrial settings to cool equipment, machinery, and processes.

• They are also used in commercial buildings to cool air and maintain comfortable temperatures.

• Chillers can be found in data centers to prevent overheating of servers and other electronic equipment.

• In the food and beverage industry, chillers are used to cool products during pro...read more

HMI is a user interface that connects a person to a machine, while SCADA is a system for gathering and analyzing real-time data.

• HMI stands for Human Machine Interface, used for interaction between human operators and machines.

• SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, used for monitoring and controlling processes in real-time.

• HMI typically has a graphical interface for easy interaction, while SCADA focuses on data acquisition and control.

• HMI is more focused on...read more

Python is easier to learn, has simpler syntax, and is more versatile than C++.

• Python has a simpler syntax and is easier to read and write than C++.

• Python is an interpreted language, which means it doesn't need to be compiled before running.

• Python has a vast library of modules and packages that can be easily imported and used.

• Python is more versatile than C++ and can be used for a wide range of applications, including web development, data analysis, and artificial intelligence...read more

The concrete ratio of M15 is 1:2:4 (cement:sand:aggregate).

• M15 is a mix of concrete with a compressive strength of 15 MPa.

• The ratio of cement to sand to aggregate is 1:2:4.

• For example, if you need 1 cubic meter of concrete, you would use 350 kg of cement, 700 kg of sand, and 1400 kg of aggregate.

PLC stands for Programmable Logic Controller, a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes.

• PLC is used to control machinery in industries such as manufacturing, automotive, and food processing.

• It uses a programmable memory to store instructions and execute specific functions.

• PLCs can be programmed using ladder logic, function block diagrams, or structured text.

• They are designed to operate in harsh industrial environments with high reliability and dura...read more

Refrigeration cycle is a process in which refrigerant absorbs heat from the indoor air and releases it outside to cool the indoor space.

• Refrigerant absorbs heat from the indoor air through the evaporator coil.

• The refrigerant then moves to the compressor where it is compressed into a high-pressure, high-temperature gas.

• The hot gas flows through the condenser coil where it releases heat to the outside air and condenses into a liquid.

• The liquid refrigerant then flows through the...read more

Verilog code for d-ff

• Declare input and output ports

• Use always block to implement the functionality

• Use non-blocking assignment for output

• Use blocking assignment for clock and reset

Indexes are data structures that improve the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table.

• Indexes are created on columns in a database table to quickly retrieve rows matching a certain condition.

• They can be unique, allowing only unique values to be stored in the indexed column.

• Examples include primary keys, foreign keys, and indexes on frequently queried columns.

Round tools are used for cutting, drilling, shaping, and finishing materials in various industries.

• Cutting materials such as metal, wood, or plastic

• Drilling holes in various materials

• Shaping materials into desired forms

• Finishing surfaces for smoothness and accuracy

I have experience in conducting various types of testing including functional, regression, performance, and user acceptance testing.

• Conducted functional testing to ensure software meets requirements

• Performed regression testing to identify any new issues after code changes

• Executed performance testing to assess system speed and stability

• Facilitated user acceptance testing to validate software usability

Rate of change of velocity is known as acceleration.

• Acceleration is the derivative of velocity with respect to time.

• It is measured in meters per second squared (m/s^2).

• Positive acceleration means speeding up, negative acceleration means slowing down.

• Examples of acceleration include a car accelerating from a stop sign or a roller coaster going down a hill.

Laminar flow is a smooth, orderly flow of a fluid with little to no mixing between layers.

• Occurs at low Reynolds numbers

• Fluid flows in parallel layers with minimal mixing

• Velocity of fluid particles remains constant along streamlines

• Commonly observed in blood flow through arteries

Move all 0s to the end of an array of strings

• Iterate through the array and move all 0s to the end

• Use two pointers to keep track of the current position and the position to swap with

• Example: Input: ['apple', '0', 'banana', '0', 'cherry'], Output: ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', '0', '0']

Applications Engineer works on developing, testing, and supporting software applications.

• Developing software applications based on customer requirements

• Testing applications to ensure functionality and performance

• Providing support and troubleshooting for applications

• Collaborating with cross-functional teams to deliver high-quality solutions