30+ Application Development Team Lead Interview Questions and Answers

STO process is a Stock Transport Order process used to transfer goods between plants in different locations.

• STO process involves creating a purchase order (PO) with document type UB.

• The delivering plant creates a delivery document and the receiving plant creates a goods receipt document.

• If a PO with document type NB is an STO, it means that it is not an STO but a standard PO for external procurement.

• The document type NB is used for standard POs while UB is used for STOs.

BADI offers more flexibility and reusability compared to user-exits with if-else conditions.

• BADI allows multiple implementations, enabling different business scenarios without code changes.

• User-exits require modifying the same code for different conditions, leading to maintenance challenges.

• BADI supports interface-based design, promoting cleaner and more organized code.

• Example: A BADI can be implemented for different pricing strategies without altering the core logic.

• BADI imp...read more

Classic BADI is older and uses the CALL CUSTOMER FUNCTION syntax, while Kernel BADI is newer and uses the CALL METHOD syntax. Enhancement sections and points are used to define where enhancements can be implemented in the code.

• Classic BADI uses CALL CUSTOMER FUNCTION, Kernel BADI uses CALL METHOD

• Enhancement sections and points define where enhancements can be implemented

• Examples of enhancement sections are 'BEGIN OF' and 'END OF'

• Examples of enhancement points are 'BEFORE', 'A...read more

CHARM in Solution Manager is a Change Request Management tool used for managing changes in SAP systems. Retrofit in transport process is the process of applying changes made in a higher system to a lower system.

• CHARM (Change Request Management) in Solution Manager helps in managing changes in SAP systems through a structured process.

• Retrofit in transport process involves applying changes made in a higher system (like development or quality) to a lower system (like production)...read more

ALV report can be programmed to react to change data automatically by using event handling and field symbols.

• Use event handling to capture data change events

• Utilize field symbols to dynamically react to changed data

• Implement logic to update ALV display based on changed data

Metrics for regression include Mean Squared Error, R-squared, and Mean Absolute Error. For classification, metrics include Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1 Score.

• Regression metrics: Mean Squared Error, R-squared, Mean Absolute Error

• Classification metrics: Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 Score

The annotation to expose CDS view in analytics is @Analytics.query: true.

• Use @Analytics.query: true annotation in the CDS view definition

• This annotation allows the CDS view to be exposed in analytics tools

Types of associations in CDS view include Association, Composition, and Aggregation.

• Association: Represents a relationship between two entities where both entities can exist independently.

• Composition: Represents a strong relationship where the child entity cannot exist without the parent entity.

• Aggregation: Represents a relationship where the child entity can exist independently but is part of a larger whole.

• Example: Association between Customer and Order entities in a sales ...read more

Concurrency in Java allows multiple tasks to run simultaneously, improving performance and responsiveness.

• Types of concurrency in Java include multithreading, parallelism, and asynchronous programming.

• Multithreading involves multiple threads executing tasks concurrently within a single process.

• Parallelism involves executing multiple tasks simultaneously across multiple processors or cores.

• Asynchronous programming allows tasks to run independently of the main program flow, imp...read more

ConcurrentHashMap is a thread-safe version of HashMap in Java, allowing multiple threads to access and modify the map concurrently.

• ConcurrentHashMap uses a technique called 'lock striping' to divide the map into segments, each with its own lock to allow multiple threads to access different segments concurrently.

• It provides better performance than synchronized HashMap by allowing multiple threads to read and write to the map without blocking each other.

• ConcurrentHashMap does n...read more

The last CTC was $80,000 and the expected CTC is $90,000.

• Last CTC was $80,000

• Expected CTC is $90,000

Diamond problem in C++ occurs when a class inherits from two classes that have a common base class, leading to ambiguity in method resolution.

• Diamond problem arises in multiple inheritance scenarios in C++

• It occurs when a class inherits from two classes that have a common base class

• This leads to ambiguity in method resolution as the derived class may have multiple implementations of the same method

• To resolve the diamond problem, virtual inheritance can be used to ensure only ...read more

Snowflake follows a multi-cluster, shared data architecture with separate compute and storage layers.

• Snowflake has a central data repository where all data is stored in a columnar format

• It uses virtual warehouses to separate compute resources from storage, allowing for independent scaling

• Data is stored in multiple micro-partitions, enabling efficient data retrieval and processing

• Snowflake's architecture supports automatic scaling and concurrency for high performance

Data warehousing is the process of collecting, storing, and managing data from various sources for analysis and reporting.

• Data warehousing involves extracting data from multiple sources and consolidating it into a central repository.

• It is used for analyzing historical data to make informed business decisions.

• Data warehousing helps in creating a single source of truth for an organization's data.

• Examples of data warehousing tools include Amazon Redshift, Snowflake, and Microsof...read more

To re-trigger/debug outbound IDOC, use transaction code BD87 in SAP system.

• Go to transaction code BD87 in SAP system

• Enter the IDOC number and execute

• Check the status and error messages for debugging

• If needed, reprocess the IDOC

SOLID principles are a set of five design principles in object-oriented programming to make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable.

• S - Single Responsibility Principle: A class should have only one reason to change.

• O - Open/Closed Principle: Software entities should be open for extension but closed for modification.

• L - Liskov Substitution Principle: Objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without affecting the func...read more

Machine Learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that involves developing algorithms and models that enable computers to learn from and make predictions or decisions based on data.

• Uses algorithms to analyze data, learn from it, and make predictions or decisions

• Examples include recommendation systems, image recognition, and natural language processing

• Involves training models on labeled data to make predictions on new, unseen data

Faced challenges in team communication and project deadlines, requiring innovative solutions and improved collaboration strategies.

• Struggled with remote team communication, leading to misunderstandings on project requirements.

• Implemented daily stand-up meetings to enhance transparency and accountability among team members.

• Encountered tight deadlines due to unexpected changes in project scope; prioritized tasks effectively to meet client expectations.

• Faced resistance to adopti...read more

Optimization techniques in Spark and SQL involve partitioning, caching, and using appropriate join strategies.

• Partitioning data to distribute workload evenly

• Caching frequently accessed data to avoid recomputation

• Using appropriate join strategies like broadcast join for small tables

• Avoiding shuffling operations as much as possible

Role Change Concept from scratch

• Understand the current roles and responsibilities

• Identify the gaps and areas of improvement

• Define the new roles and responsibilities

• Communicate the changes clearly to the team

• Provide training and support for the new roles

• Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the changes

Lotus Notes migration tools used

• Quest NME

• Binary Tree

• Transend Migrator

• AvePoint

• SysTools Lotus Notes to Outlook Converter

Dependency injection is a design pattern in which components are given their dependencies rather than creating them internally.

• Dependency injection helps in achieving loose coupling between classes.

• It allows for easier testing and maintenance of code.

• There are three types of dependency injection: constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection.

Abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and may contain abstract methods that must be implemented by subclasses.

• Cannot be instantiated directly

• May contain abstract methods that must be implemented by subclasses

• Can have both abstract and non-abstract methods

• Used to define a common interface for subclasses

Migration of attachments depends on the system and method used for data transfer.

• Attachments can be migrated using specialized migration tools.

• For example, if migrating from one email system to another, attachments can be included in the transfer.

• Data integrity checks ensure that all attachments are correctly linked to their respective records.

• In some cases, manual intervention may be required to ensure all attachments are accounted for.

Implemented cloud-native solutions, microservices architecture, and CI/CD pipelines to enhance application performance and scalability.

• Adopted AWS for cloud infrastructure, improving scalability and reducing costs.

• Implemented microservices architecture using Spring Boot, enhancing modularity and maintainability.

• Integrated Docker for containerization, streamlining deployment processes.

• Established CI/CD pipelines with Jenkins, reducing deployment time by 50%.

• Utilized React for ...read more

A stack is a linear data structure that follows the Last In First Out (LIFO) principle for managing data.

• A stack can be implemented using an array or a linked list.

• Common operations include push (adding an item), pop (removing the top item), and peek (viewing the top item).

• Example of push: stack.push(5) adds 5 to the top of the stack.

• Example of pop: stack.pop() removes the top item from the stack.

• Stacks are used in function call management, undo mechanisms in applications, an...read more

Jenkins is an open-source automation server used for continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD).

• Jenkins supports building, deploying, and automating software development processes.

• It integrates with various version control systems like Git, SVN, and Mercurial.

• Jenkins uses plugins to extend its capabilities; for example, the Git plugin allows integration with Git repositories.

• It provides a web interface for managing jobs and monitoring builds.

• Jenkins can run on var...read more