2. What is OOPS in C++? What are the properties of OOPS?

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OOPS in C++ stands for Object-Oriented Programming System. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

OOPS is based on the four main principles: Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Abstraction.
Encapsulation is the process of binding data and functions that manipulate the data, and keeping them together as a single unit.
Inheritance is the process of creating a new class from an existing class, inheriting all the properties and methods of the parent class.
Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. It allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were of the same class.
Abstraction is the process of hiding the implementation details and showing only the functionality to the user.
OOPS provides modularity, reusability, and maintainability of code.
Example: A car is an object that has properties like color, model, and speed, and methods like start, stop, and accelerate.
Example: Inheritance can be seen in a class hierarchy where a child class inherits properties and methods from its parent class.
Example: Polymorphism can be seen in a function that can take different forms depending on the type of object it is called with.

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