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20+ Continual Engine Interview Questions and Answers
Q1. Architecture of Firewalls worked, Previous role & responsibilities, What all things need to checked if enduser faces issues while accessing website or server, What if there is latency Any exceptional cases hand...
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Architecture of Firewalls
Previous role & responsibilities
Troubleshooting end-user website/server access issues
Handling latency issues
Exceptional cases in firewall troubleshooting
Understanding 3-way handshake
HSRP and its feasibility with different geolocations
TCP vs UDP differences
Understanding ISO OSI model
Q2. What is difference between static and dynamic routing?
Static routing uses manually configured routes while dynamic routing uses protocols to automatically update routes.
Static routing requires manual configuration of routes while dynamic routing uses protocols to automatically update routes.
Static routing is best suited for small networks with few changes while dynamic routing is better for larger networks with frequent changes.
Examples of static routing protocols include OSPF and BGP while examples of dynamic routing protocols ...read more
Q3. What is unicast, multicast and broadcast ?
Unicast, multicast and broadcast are types of network communication.
Unicast is a one-to-one communication between a sender and a receiver.
Multicast is a one-to-many communication where a sender sends data to a group of receivers.
Broadcast is a one-to-all communication where a sender sends data to all devices on the network.
Unicast is used for communication that requires privacy and security.
Multicast is used for streaming media, video conferencing, and online gaming.
Broadcast...read more
Q4. Tell me something about OSPF layers?
OSPF has three layers: backbone, area, and interface.
Backbone layer connects all areas and is responsible for routing between them.
Area layer groups networks together and reduces the amount of routing information exchanged.
Interface layer connects routers to the network and exchanges routing information within an area.
OSPF uses a hierarchical structure to efficiently manage large networks.
Each layer has its own set of rules and protocols for communication and routing.
Example:...read more
Q5. What is difference between TCP and UDP ?
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol while UDP is a connectionless protocol.
TCP provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data while UDP does not guarantee reliable delivery.
TCP is slower but more reliable while UDP is faster but less reliable.
TCP is used for applications that require high reliability and accuracy while UDP is used for applications that require speed and efficiency.
Examples of TCP-based applications include email, file transfer, and web brows...read more
Q6. What is NAT ?
NAT stands for Network Address Translation. It is a technique used to map public IP addresses to private IP addresses.
NAT is used to conserve public IP addresses by allowing multiple devices to share a single public IP address.
It provides an additional layer of security by hiding the private IP addresses of devices on a network.
There are three types of NAT: Static NAT, Dynamic NAT, and Port Address Translation (PAT).
Static NAT maps a single private IP address to a single publ...read more
Q7. What is static routing?
Static routing is a type of network routing where the administrator manually configures the routes in the routing table.
Routes are manually configured by the network administrator
Routes do not change unless manually modified
It is less flexible than dynamic routing
It is useful for small networks with few changes in topology
Example: A small office network with a single router connecting to the internet
Q8. What is routing?
Routing is the process of selecting the best path for network traffic to reach its destination.
Routing involves analyzing network topology and determining the most efficient path for data to travel.
Routers use routing tables to determine the best path for data to take.
Routing protocols such as OSPF and BGP are used to exchange routing information between routers.
Routing can be either static or dynamic, depending on whether the routing table is manually configured or automatic...read more
Q9. What is ip and what are osi layer
IP stands for Internet Protocol, a set of rules governing the format of data sent over the internet. OSI layers refer to the Open Systems Interconnection model, a conceptual framework used to understand how different networking protocols interact.
IP (Internet Protocol) is a set of rules that governs the format of data sent over the internet.
OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) layers refer to a conceptual framework that helps understand how different networking protocols intera...read more
Q10. Impementation of new device in network process
The implementation of a new device in a network involves planning, testing, and deployment to ensure seamless integration.
Plan the implementation process, including assessing network compatibility and potential impact on existing devices.
Test the new device in a controlled environment to identify any issues or conflicts before full deployment.
Deploy the new device during off-peak hours to minimize disruption to network operations.
Monitor the network after implementation to en...read more
Q11. How to configure Firewall policies
Firewall policies can be configured by defining rules to control incoming and outgoing network traffic.
Identify the network traffic that needs to be controlled
Create rules based on IP addresses, ports, protocols, and applications
Prioritize rules to ensure proper traffic flow
Regularly review and update firewall policies to adapt to changing network needs
Q12. What are the uses of NAT
NAT is used to translate private IP addresses to public IP addresses, allowing multiple devices to share a single public IP address.
Allows multiple devices on a local network to access the internet using a single public IP address
Enhances security by hiding internal IP addresses from external networks
Conserves public IP addresses by allowing multiple devices to share a single public IP address
Q13. What is Dns and how it working
DNS stands for Domain Name System, it translates domain names to IP addresses.
DNS is like a phone book for the internet, translating domain names (like google.com) to IP addresses (like 172.217.3.206)
DNS works by sending queries to DNS servers, which then look up the corresponding IP address for the requested domain
DNS also helps with load balancing and redundancy by allowing multiple IP addresses to be associated with a single domain name
Q14. What are types of VPNs
Types of VPNs include remote access VPN, site-to-site VPN, and client-to-site VPN.
Remote access VPN allows individual users to connect to a private network from a remote location
Site-to-site VPN connects entire networks together over the internet
Client-to-site VPN allows individual clients to connect to a private network
Q15. How to configure MPLS
MPLS configuration involves setting up labels, routes, and protocols for efficient data transmission.
Configure MPLS on routers by enabling MPLS forwarding
Assign labels to packets to determine their path through the network
Set up LDP or RSVP-TE protocols for label distribution
Implement MPLS VPNs for secure communication between different networks
Q16. What is VPN,what are protocols
VPN stands for Virtual Private Network. Protocols are rules that govern data transmission over a network.
VPN allows users to securely access a private network over a public network like the internet
Protocols are sets of rules that determine how data is transmitted between devices
Common VPN protocols include OpenVPN, L2TP/IPsec, and PPTP
Q17. What is VPN means
VPN stands for Virtual Private Network, a secure connection that allows users to access a private network over a public network.
VPN creates a secure and encrypted connection over the internet
It allows users to access resources on a private network from a remote location
Commonly used for remote work, accessing company files securely, and bypassing geo-restrictions
Examples include OpenVPN, Cisco AnyConnect, and NordVPN
Q18. What does BGP means
BGP stands for Border Gateway Protocol, a routing protocol used to exchange routing information between different networks on the internet.
BGP is used to make routing decisions based on network policies, rules, and path preferences.
It is commonly used by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to connect their networks and exchange routing information.
BGP operates on the application layer of the OSI model.
BGP helps in determining the best path for data to travel between networks.
An...read more
Q19. what is called ACL
ACL stands for Access Control List, which is a set of rules that controls network traffic and permissions on a network device.
ACL is used to filter network traffic based on defined criteria such as source or destination IP address, port number, protocol, etc.
ACL can be configured on routers, switches, firewalls, and other network devices to control access to resources.
There are two types of ACLs: standard ACLs and extended ACLs.
Example: In a router configuration, an ACL can b...read more
Q20. what is switching
Switching is the process of forwarding data packets between devices on a network based on the destination address.
Switching occurs at the data link layer of the OSI model.
Switches use MAC addresses to determine where to forward incoming data packets.
Switching is faster and more efficient than traditional hub-based networking.
Examples of switches include Cisco Catalyst series and Juniper EX series.
Q21. explain me about L3 switches
L3 switches are network devices that operate at the network layer of the OSI model, providing routing functionality along with switching capabilities.
L3 switches can route traffic based on IP addresses, making them more intelligent than L2 switches.
They can support VLANs and provide inter-VLAN routing.
L3 switches are commonly used in enterprise networks to improve network performance and security.
Examples of L3 switches include Cisco Catalyst 3850 and Juniper EX Series.
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