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20+ Continual Engine Interview Questions and Answers

Updated 25 Feb 2025
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Q1. Architecture of Firewalls worked, Previous role & responsibilities, What all things need to checked if enduser faces issues while accessing website or server, What if there is latency Any exceptional cases hand...

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Ans.

Interview questions for Network Administrator role

  • Architecture of Firewalls

  • Previous role & responsibilities

  • Troubleshooting end-user website/server access issues

  • Handling latency issues

  • Exceptional cases in firewall troubleshooting

  • Understanding 3-way handshake

  • HSRP and its feasibility with different geolocations

  • TCP vs UDP differences

  • Understanding ISO OSI model

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Q2. What is difference between static and dynamic routing?

Ans.

Static routing uses manually configured routes while dynamic routing uses protocols to automatically update routes.

  • Static routing requires manual configuration of routes while dynamic routing uses protocols to automatically update routes.

  • Static routing is best suited for small networks with few changes while dynamic routing is better for larger networks with frequent changes.

  • Examples of static routing protocols include OSPF and BGP while examples of dynamic routing protocols ...read more

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Q3. What is unicast, multicast and broadcast ?

Ans.

Unicast, multicast and broadcast are types of network communication.

  • Unicast is a one-to-one communication between a sender and a receiver.

  • Multicast is a one-to-many communication where a sender sends data to a group of receivers.

  • Broadcast is a one-to-all communication where a sender sends data to all devices on the network.

  • Unicast is used for communication that requires privacy and security.

  • Multicast is used for streaming media, video conferencing, and online gaming.

  • Broadcast...read more

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Q4. Tell me something about OSPF layers?

Ans.

OSPF has three layers: backbone, area, and interface.

  • Backbone layer connects all areas and is responsible for routing between them.

  • Area layer groups networks together and reduces the amount of routing information exchanged.

  • Interface layer connects routers to the network and exchanges routing information within an area.

  • OSPF uses a hierarchical structure to efficiently manage large networks.

  • Each layer has its own set of rules and protocols for communication and routing.

  • Example:...read more

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Q5. What is difference between TCP and UDP ?

Ans.

TCP is a connection-oriented protocol while UDP is a connectionless protocol.

  • TCP provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data while UDP does not guarantee reliable delivery.

  • TCP is slower but more reliable while UDP is faster but less reliable.

  • TCP is used for applications that require high reliability and accuracy while UDP is used for applications that require speed and efficiency.

  • Examples of TCP-based applications include email, file transfer, and web brows...read more

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Q6. What is NAT ?

Ans.

NAT stands for Network Address Translation. It is a technique used to map public IP addresses to private IP addresses.

  • NAT is used to conserve public IP addresses by allowing multiple devices to share a single public IP address.

  • It provides an additional layer of security by hiding the private IP addresses of devices on a network.

  • There are three types of NAT: Static NAT, Dynamic NAT, and Port Address Translation (PAT).

  • Static NAT maps a single private IP address to a single publ...read more

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Q7. What is static routing?

Ans.

Static routing is a type of network routing where the administrator manually configures the routes in the routing table.

  • Routes are manually configured by the network administrator

  • Routes do not change unless manually modified

  • It is less flexible than dynamic routing

  • It is useful for small networks with few changes in topology

  • Example: A small office network with a single router connecting to the internet

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Q8. What is routing?

Ans.

Routing is the process of selecting the best path for network traffic to reach its destination.

  • Routing involves analyzing network topology and determining the most efficient path for data to travel.

  • Routers use routing tables to determine the best path for data to take.

  • Routing protocols such as OSPF and BGP are used to exchange routing information between routers.

  • Routing can be either static or dynamic, depending on whether the routing table is manually configured or automatic...read more

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Q9. What is ip and what are osi layer

Ans.

IP stands for Internet Protocol, a set of rules governing the format of data sent over the internet. OSI layers refer to the Open Systems Interconnection model, a conceptual framework used to understand how different networking protocols interact.

  • IP (Internet Protocol) is a set of rules that governs the format of data sent over the internet.

  • OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) layers refer to a conceptual framework that helps understand how different networking protocols intera...read more

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Q10. Impementation of new device in network process

Ans.

The implementation of a new device in a network involves planning, testing, and deployment to ensure seamless integration.

  • Plan the implementation process, including assessing network compatibility and potential impact on existing devices.

  • Test the new device in a controlled environment to identify any issues or conflicts before full deployment.

  • Deploy the new device during off-peak hours to minimize disruption to network operations.

  • Monitor the network after implementation to en...read more

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Q11. How to configure Firewall policies

Ans.

Firewall policies can be configured by defining rules to control incoming and outgoing network traffic.

  • Identify the network traffic that needs to be controlled

  • Create rules based on IP addresses, ports, protocols, and applications

  • Prioritize rules to ensure proper traffic flow

  • Regularly review and update firewall policies to adapt to changing network needs

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Q12. What are the uses of NAT

Ans.

NAT is used to translate private IP addresses to public IP addresses, allowing multiple devices to share a single public IP address.

  • Allows multiple devices on a local network to access the internet using a single public IP address

  • Enhances security by hiding internal IP addresses from external networks

  • Conserves public IP addresses by allowing multiple devices to share a single public IP address

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Q13. What is Dns and how it working

Ans.

DNS stands for Domain Name System, it translates domain names to IP addresses.

  • DNS is like a phone book for the internet, translating domain names (like google.com) to IP addresses (like 172.217.3.206)

  • DNS works by sending queries to DNS servers, which then look up the corresponding IP address for the requested domain

  • DNS also helps with load balancing and redundancy by allowing multiple IP addresses to be associated with a single domain name

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Q14. What are types of VPNs

Ans.

Types of VPNs include remote access VPN, site-to-site VPN, and client-to-site VPN.

  • Remote access VPN allows individual users to connect to a private network from a remote location

  • Site-to-site VPN connects entire networks together over the internet

  • Client-to-site VPN allows individual clients to connect to a private network

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Q15. How to configure MPLS

Ans.

MPLS configuration involves setting up labels, routes, and protocols for efficient data transmission.

  • Configure MPLS on routers by enabling MPLS forwarding

  • Assign labels to packets to determine their path through the network

  • Set up LDP or RSVP-TE protocols for label distribution

  • Implement MPLS VPNs for secure communication between different networks

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Q16. What is VPN,what are protocols

Ans.

VPN stands for Virtual Private Network. Protocols are rules that govern data transmission over a network.

  • VPN allows users to securely access a private network over a public network like the internet

  • Protocols are sets of rules that determine how data is transmitted between devices

  • Common VPN protocols include OpenVPN, L2TP/IPsec, and PPTP

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Q17. What is VPN means

Ans.

VPN stands for Virtual Private Network, a secure connection that allows users to access a private network over a public network.

  • VPN creates a secure and encrypted connection over the internet

  • It allows users to access resources on a private network from a remote location

  • Commonly used for remote work, accessing company files securely, and bypassing geo-restrictions

  • Examples include OpenVPN, Cisco AnyConnect, and NordVPN

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Q18. What does BGP means

Ans.

BGP stands for Border Gateway Protocol, a routing protocol used to exchange routing information between different networks on the internet.

  • BGP is used to make routing decisions based on network policies, rules, and path preferences.

  • It is commonly used by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to connect their networks and exchange routing information.

  • BGP operates on the application layer of the OSI model.

  • BGP helps in determining the best path for data to travel between networks.

  • An...read more

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Q19. what is called ACL

Ans.

ACL stands for Access Control List, which is a set of rules that controls network traffic and permissions on a network device.

  • ACL is used to filter network traffic based on defined criteria such as source or destination IP address, port number, protocol, etc.

  • ACL can be configured on routers, switches, firewalls, and other network devices to control access to resources.

  • There are two types of ACLs: standard ACLs and extended ACLs.

  • Example: In a router configuration, an ACL can b...read more

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Q20. what is switching

Ans.

Switching is the process of forwarding data packets between devices on a network based on the destination address.

  • Switching occurs at the data link layer of the OSI model.

  • Switches use MAC addresses to determine where to forward incoming data packets.

  • Switching is faster and more efficient than traditional hub-based networking.

  • Examples of switches include Cisco Catalyst series and Juniper EX series.

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Q21. explain me about L3 switches

Ans.

L3 switches are network devices that operate at the network layer of the OSI model, providing routing functionality along with switching capabilities.

  • L3 switches can route traffic based on IP addresses, making them more intelligent than L2 switches.

  • They can support VLANs and provide inter-VLAN routing.

  • L3 switches are commonly used in enterprise networks to improve network performance and security.

  • Examples of L3 switches include Cisco Catalyst 3850 and Juniper EX Series.

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