20+ 11:11 Systems Interview Questions and Answers

Terraform life cycles are a set of stages that define how resources are created, updated, and destroyed.

• Terraform life cycles include create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) operations.

• They are defined in the provider's resource configuration.

• They can be used to control the order in which resources are created or updated.

• Examples of life cycle hooks include pre-create, post-update, and pre-delete.

• They can be used to perform custom actions before or after resource creation or ...read more

Ingress is a Kubernetes resource that manages external access to services in a cluster.

• Ingress acts as a reverse proxy and routes traffic to the appropriate service based on the URL path or host.

• It allows for multiple services to share a single IP address and port.

• In AKS, we can use Ingress to expose our application to the internet or to other services within the cluster.

• We can configure Ingress rules to specify which services should handle which requests.

• Ingress controllers,...read more

Trigger pipeline from specific version of app code

• Use version control system to track code changes

• Configure pipeline to trigger on specific branch or tag

• Pass version number as parameter to pipeline

• Use scripting to automate version selection

• Integrate with CI/CD tools for seamless deployment

Release pipeline involves stages for deploying code changes to production.

• Stages include build, test, deploy, and release.

• Code is built and tested in a development environment before being deployed to staging.

• Once tested in staging, code is released to production.

• Continuous integration and delivery tools automate the pipeline.

• Examples include Jenkins, GitLab CI/CD, and AWS CodePipeline.

Ensure high availability of VM and AKS worker nodes

• Use availability sets for VMs to distribute them across fault domains and update domains

• Use node pools in AKS to distribute worker nodes across multiple availability zones

• Implement auto-scaling to add or remove nodes based on demand

• Monitor node health and set up alerts for failures

• Regularly update and patch nodes to ensure security and stability

Default inbound/outbound NSG rules when we deploy VM with NSG

• By default, all inbound traffic is blocked except for traffic that is explicitly allowed by a rule

• By default, all outbound traffic is allowed

• Inbound rules are evaluated before outbound rules

• Default rules can be modified or deleted as per requirement

TF provisioners are used to execute scripts or commands on a resource after it is created.

• Provisioners are used to configure resources after they are created

• They can be used to install software, run scripts, or execute commands

• Provisioners can be local or remote, depending on where the script or command is executed

• Examples include installing packages on a newly created EC2 instance or running a script to configure a database

• Provisioners should be used sparingly and only when ...read more

Test connectivity to AKS app from Azure Front Door

• Create a test endpoint in AKS app

• Add the endpoint to Front Door backend pool

• Use Front Door probe feature to test endpoint connectivity

• Check Front Door health probes for successful connectivity

Node affinity and pod affinity are Kubernetes features that allow you to control the scheduling of pods on nodes.

• Node affinity is used to schedule pods on specific nodes based on labels or other node attributes.

• Pod affinity is used to schedule pods on nodes that already have pods with specific labels or attributes.

• Both features can be used to improve performance, reduce network latency, or ensure high availability.

• Examples include scheduling pods on nodes with specific hardwa...read more

I have worked on Azure App Service, Azure Functions, and Azure DevOps.

• Azure App Service was used for hosting web applications and APIs.

• Azure Functions were used for serverless computing and event-driven scenarios.

• Azure DevOps was used for continuous integration and deployment.

• We used Azure DevOps to automate the deployment of our applications to Azure App Service and Azure Functions.

• We also used Azure DevOps for source control, work item tracking, and build pipelines.

I have experience with various monitoring tools and can set up monitors for infrastructure health, performance, and security.

• I have experience with tools like Nagios, Zabbix, and Prometheus.

• For infrastructure health, I set up monitors for CPU usage, memory usage, disk space, and network connectivity.

• For performance, I set up monitors for response time, throughput, and error rates.

• For security, I set up monitors for unauthorized access attempts, failed login attempts, and susp...read more

Pipeline variables are scoped to a single pipeline, while variable groups can be shared across multiple pipelines.

• Pipeline variables are defined within a pipeline and can be used in tasks within that pipeline

• Variable groups are defined at the project level and can be used across multiple pipelines

• Variable groups can be linked to Azure Key Vault for secure storage of sensitive information

• Pipeline variables can be overridden at runtime using runtime parameters

• Variable groups ca...read more

K8s is a container orchestration platform that automates deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

• K8s architecture consists of a master node and worker nodes.

• Master node manages the cluster state and schedules workloads on worker nodes.

• Worker nodes run the containers and communicate with the master node.

• K8s uses etcd for storing cluster state and API server for communication.

• K8s also has various components like kubelet, kube-proxy, and controllers for...read more

Yes, I have exposure to PCI/DSS compliance.

• I have experience implementing security controls to meet PCI/DSS requirements.

• I have worked with teams to ensure compliance during audits.

• I am familiar with the 12 requirements of PCI/DSS and how to implement them.

• I have experience with tools such as vulnerability scanners and log management systems to ensure compliance.

• I have worked with payment gateways and understand the importance of secure payment processing.

To make a SAN disk online after a failed error in cluster service, follow these steps:

• Identify the failed disk using the cluster management console

• Check the disk status and resolve any issues

• If the disk is still offline, try bringing it online manually

• If manual attempts fail, try restarting the cluster service

• If all else fails, replace the failed disk with a new one

CFS is used in Hyper-V to improve virtual machine performance by reducing CPU overhead.

• CFS stands for Completely Fair Scheduler.

• It is a Linux kernel feature that helps distribute CPU resources fairly among processes.

• When used in Hyper-V, CFS can help reduce CPU overhead and improve virtual machine performance.

• CFS can also help prevent CPU resource starvation and improve overall system stability.

• CFS is enabled by default in most Linux distributions, including those used in Hyp...read more

The architecture of my current role involves designing and implementing software solutions for clients.

• Designing and implementing software solutions for clients

• Working closely with clients to understand their needs and requirements

• Collaborating with cross-functional teams to ensure successful project delivery

• Utilizing various programming languages and technologies to build scalable and efficient solutions

Use SQL query with ORDER BY and LIMIT to find second, third highest salary

• Use ORDER BY salary DESC to sort salaries in descending order

• Use LIMIT 1,1 to get the second highest salary

• Use LIMIT 2,1 to get the third highest salary

• Example: SELECT salary FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 1,1

• Example: SELECT salary FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 2,1