Closures are functions that have access to variables from their outer scope even after the outer function has finished executing.

• Closures allow functions to access variables from their parent function even after the parent function has returned.

• They help in creating private variables and functions in JavaScript.

• Closures are commonly used in event handlers and callbacks.

call, apply, and bind are methods in JavaScript used to manipulate the context of a function.

• call() is used to invoke a function with a specified 'this' value and arguments provided individually.

• apply() is similar to call() but arguments are passed as an array.

• bind() is used to create a new function with a specified 'this' value and initial arguments.

Prototype in JS refers to the mechanism by which objects in JavaScript inherit properties and methods from other objects.

• Prototype chain allows objects to inherit properties and methods from other objects

• Prototype-based inheritance is a key feature of JavaScript

• Example: Creating a new object using a constructor function and adding methods to its prototype

JavaScript is a high-level, interpreted programming language that is used to make web pages interactive and dynamic.

• JavaScript is commonly used for client-side web development.

• It can be used to create interactive features like forms, animations, and dynamic content.

• JavaScript can also be used for server-side development with Node.js.

Types of variables in JavaScript include var, let, and const.

• var: globally scoped or function scoped

• let: block scoped, can be reassigned

• const: block scoped, cannot be reassigned