JK Tech Interview Questions and Answers

Ball valves have a spherical closure unit while gate valves have a wedge-shaped closure unit.

• Ball valves are quick to open and close, while gate valves take longer.

• Ball valves are better for controlling flow, while gate valves are better for on/off control.

• Ball valves are commonly used in applications such as water supply, oil and gas, and chemical processing.

• Gate valves are commonly used in applications such as irrigation, fire protection, and HVAC systems.

HART is a hybrid analog/digital protocol while Foundation Fieldbus is a fully digital protocol.

• HART supports two-way communication while Foundation Fieldbus supports multi-drop communication.

• HART is used for process measurement and control while Foundation Fieldbus is used for process automation.

• HART has a slower data transfer rate compared to Foundation Fieldbus.

• HART devices can be powered by the loop current while Foundation Fieldbus devices require external power.

• HART is w...read more

Valve cavitation is the formation and collapse of vapor bubbles in a liquid due to pressure changes, while flashing is the sudden vaporization of a liquid when pressure is reduced.

• Cavitation occurs when the pressure in a liquid drops below its vapor pressure, causing bubbles to form and then collapse violently when they reach a higher pressure area.

• Flashing occurs when a liquid is suddenly exposed to a lower pressure environment, causing it to rapidly vaporize and potentially...read more

Electrical classification areas are designated areas where the presence of flammable gases, vapors, or dusts require special precautions.

• Electrical equipment installed in these areas must be designed and tested to prevent ignition of the hazardous materials.

• There are three main classifications: Class I for flammable gases and vapors, Class II for combustible dusts, and Class III for ignitable fibers and flyings.

• Each classification is further divided into divisions based on th...read more

Flowmeters should be selected based on the type of fluid, flow rate, and accuracy requirements.

• Identify the type of fluid being measured

• Determine the flow rate range

• Consider the accuracy requirements

• Choose the appropriate flowmeter technology (e.g. differential pressure, magnetic, ultrasonic, etc.)

• Ensure compatibility with the process conditions (e.g. temperature, pressure, viscosity, etc.)

PLC is a standalone system for controlling discrete processes, while DCS is a networked system for controlling continuous processes.

• PLC is used for discrete manufacturing processes, such as assembly lines

• DCS is used for continuous manufacturing processes, such as chemical plants

• PLC is a standalone system with limited communication capabilities

• DCS is a networked system with advanced communication capabilities

• PLC is programmed using ladder logic or other programming languages

• DC...read more

Pressure sensors work on the principle of converting physical pressure into an electrical signal.

• Pressure sensors measure the pressure of gases or liquids

• They can be based on different technologies such as piezoresistive, capacitive, or optical

• The output signal can be analog or digital

• Applications include automotive, medical, and industrial fields

Flowmeters are devices used to measure the flow rate or quantity of a gas or liquid moving through a pipe.

• There are several types of flowmeters including differential pressure, positive displacement, turbine, electromagnetic, ultrasonic, and vortex flowmeters.

• Differential pressure flowmeters measure the pressure drop across a constriction in the pipe.

• Positive displacement flowmeters measure the volume of fluid passing through the flowmeter.

• Turbine flowmeters measure the veloc...read more