40+ Invicta eSolutions Interview Questions and Answers

The gauge of ducting refers to its thickness and is determined based on the size and application of the duct.

• The gauge of ducting ranges from 10 to 30, with lower numbers indicating thicker ducts.

• The size of the duct determines the gauge to be used. Larger ducts generally require thicker gauges for structural integrity.

• For example, a small residential HVAC system may use 24-gauge ducts, while a large commercial system may require 16-gauge ducts.

• The gauge of ducting affects it...read more

The criteria for selecting a reactor for a particular reaction depend on factors such as reaction kinetics, reactant properties, desired product, safety considerations, and economic feasibility.

• Reaction kinetics: The reaction rate and mechanism influence the choice of reactor type.

• Reactant properties: The physical and chemical properties of reactants, such as solubility, viscosity, and heat sensitivity, determine the reactor design.

• Desired product: The desired product propert...read more

The question is asking about the guidelines for Revit and nut and bolt sizes in angle frame for HVAC engineering.

• Revit is a software used for building information modeling (BIM) in HVAC engineering.

• Guidelines for Revit include standards for modeling, annotation, and documentation.

• Nut and bolt sizes in angle frame refer to the specific dimensions and types of fasteners used in constructing angle frames for HVAC systems.

• These sizes may vary depending on the load requirements, m...read more

Different types of filters can be used in AHUs and plenums depending on the specific requirements.

• Fiberglass filters are commonly used in residential and commercial buildings.

• Pleated filters have a larger surface area and can capture smaller particles.

• HEPA filters are highly efficient and can capture particles as small as 0.3 microns.

• Activated carbon filters can remove odors and chemicals from the air.

• Electrostatic filters use an electric charge to attract and capture particl...read more

n-Buli and DMF can be used to convert certain functional groups through deprotonation and subsequent reactions.

• n-Buli is a strong base commonly used for deprotonation reactions.

• DMF (dimethylformamide) is a polar aprotic solvent that can facilitate reactions.

• The combination of n-Buli and DMF can be used to convert certain functional groups such as alkyl halides to alkyl lithium compounds.

• Care must be taken when handling n-Buli due to its pyrophoric nature.

Aldehydes can be converted to Wittig reagents through a two-step process involving the formation of a phosphonium ylide.

• React aldehyde with a phosphonium salt to form a phosphonium ylide

• React the phosphonium ylide with an appropriate carbonyl compound to form the Wittig reagent

• The Wittig reagent can then be used in a Wittig reaction to form an alkene product

• Example: Conversion of benzaldehyde to benzylidene triphenylphosphorane

Infiltration and exfiltration are terms used in HVAC engineering to describe the movement of air into and out of a building.

• Infiltration refers to the unintentional or uncontrolled flow of outdoor air into a building through cracks, gaps, or openings in the building envelope.

• Exfiltration, on the other hand, is the opposite of infiltration and refers to the unintentional or uncontrolled flow of indoor air out of a building.

• Both infiltration and exfiltration can have a signific...read more

Pharmaceutical equipments include mixers, reactors, centrifuges, dryers, mills, and more.

• Mixers: used for blending ingredients

• Reactors: used for chemical reactions

• Centrifuges: used for separating solids from liquids

• Dryers: used for removing moisture from products

• Mills: used for grinding and pulverizing materials

• Tablet presses: used for compressing powders into tablets

• Filtration systems: used for purifying liquids

• Freeze dryers: used for drying products at low temperatures

• Autoc...read more

I have handled various equipments in my previous roles.

• I have experience in handling heavy machinery such as cranes and forklifts.

• I have also worked with specialized equipment such as MRI machines and X-ray machines in the medical field.

• In my previous role, I managed a team responsible for maintaining and repairing manufacturing equipment such as conveyor belts and robotic arms.

• I am familiar with various software and hardware tools used in the IT industry such as servers, rou...read more

Boundary layer is a thin layer of fluid near a surface where the flow is affected by friction and viscosity.

• Boundary layer plays a crucial role in determining the drag force on an object moving through a fluid.

• It affects the heat transfer between the surface and the fluid.

• It can also cause separation of the flow from the surface, leading to turbulence and reduced efficiency.

• Examples include the boundary layer on an airplane wing or the surface of a ship moving through water.

H13 and H14 are high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters used in HVAC systems.

• H13 filters can capture 99.95% of particles as small as 0.3 microns.

• H14 filters can capture 99.995% of particles as small as 0.3 microns.

• Both filters are commonly used in hospitals, cleanrooms, and other environments where air quality is critical.

• The efficiency of these filters can vary depending on factors such as airflow rate and particle size distribution.

NMR is a technique used to analyze the structure and purity of molecules by measuring the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei.

• NMR stands for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and involves applying a magnetic field to a sample to measure the resonance frequencies of atomic nuclei.

• Interpreting NMR data involves analyzing the chemical shifts, coupling constants, and peak integrations to determine the structure and purity of the molecule.

• Different types of NMR experiments, such as 1H N...read more

NMR values for solvents are specific chemical shifts observed in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

• NMR values for solvents refer to the chemical shifts observed in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

• These values are used to identify and characterize solvents in chemical reactions.

• Common solvents and their NMR values include chloroform (7.26 ppm), acetone (2.22 ppm), and methanol (3.34 ppm).

Core subjects in chemical engineering include thermodynamics, transport phenomena, reaction engineering, and process design.

• Thermodynamics: study of energy and its transformations in chemical systems

• Transport phenomena: study of momentum, heat, and mass transfer in chemical systems

• Reaction engineering: study of chemical reactions and their kinetics

• Process design: designing and optimizing chemical processes for production

NBS (N-bromosuccinimide) is a chemical compound used as a brominating agent in organic chemistry.

• NBS is a white crystalline solid

• It is commonly used in organic synthesis to selectively brominate allylic and benzylic positions

• NBS is often used in conjunction with a radical initiator like AIBN to generate bromine radicals

Pyridine is a heterocyclic aromatic compound with a six-membered ring containing five carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom.

• Pyridine has a molecular formula of C5H5N

• It is a colorless liquid with a strong odor similar to fish

• Pyridine is commonly used as a solvent and precursor in organic synthesis

Mass balance for a distillation column involves accounting for the input and output streams of the column.

• Mass balance equation: Input = Output + Accumulation

• Input streams include feed, reflux, and steam

• Output streams include distillate and bottoms

• Accumulation can be calculated as the difference between input and output streams

• The mass balance equation can be used to optimize the column's performance

Unit operations are individual steps in a process, while unit processes are a combination of unit operations to achieve a specific goal.

• Unit operations are basic steps in a process that involve physical changes, such as mixing, filtration, and distillation.

• Unit processes are a series of unit operations combined to achieve a specific chemical or physical transformation, such as a chemical reaction or purification.

• Unit operations are often used in chemical engineering to descri...read more

cGMP and Q7 guidelines are quality control standards for pharmaceutical manufacturing.

• cGMP stands for current Good Manufacturing Practices and is a set of regulations enforced by the FDA to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of pharmaceutical products.

• Q7 guidelines are a part of the cGMP regulations and provide guidance on the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).

• Both cGMP and Q7 guidelines emphasize the importance of documentation, quality control te...read more

N-alkylation is a process of adding an alkyl group to a primary or secondary amine.

• N-alkylation can be achieved through various methods such as reductive amination, Gabriel synthesis, and Hoffmann degradation.

• Primary amines can be selectively N-alkylated using alkyl halides and a base, while secondary amines require a more reactive alkylating agent such as an epoxide or an alkyl halide.

• N-alkylation is an important reaction in organic synthesis and is used in the production of...read more

Reagents are used for interconversions of functional groups in organic synthesis.

• Reagents are used to convert one functional group to another in organic synthesis.

• Examples include Grignard reagents, reducing agents like LiAlH4, and oxidizing agents like KMnO4.

• Reagents can also be used to protect functional groups during synthesis.

• Common protecting groups include TBDMS for alcohols and Boc for amines.

1 horsepower is equal to 746 watts.

• 1 horsepower (HP) is a unit of power used in the imperial system

• 1 HP is equal to 746 watts (W) in the metric system

• Watts are used to measure the rate of energy transfer or consumption

• Horsepower is commonly used to rate the power of engines and motors

C18 and C4 are commonly used reversed-phase columns in LCMS.

• C18 and C4 refer to the type of stationary phase used in the column.

• C18 has longer carbon chains and is more hydrophobic than C4.

• C18 is commonly used for separating nonpolar compounds while C4 is used for separating polar compounds.

• Other types of columns include C8, phenyl, and cyano columns.

• The choice of column depends on the properties of the analyte and the separation goal.

Cleaning in pharma industries includes equipment, facility, and personnel cleaning.

• Equipment cleaning involves cleaning of manufacturing equipment, packaging equipment, and laboratory equipment.

• Facility cleaning involves cleaning of floors, walls, ceilings, and HVAC systems.

• Personnel cleaning involves cleaning of hands, gowns, and footwear.

• Cleaning agents used in pharma industries are usually disinfectants and detergents.

• Cleaning procedures must follow strict guidelines to en...read more

I have 8 years of experience in the API industry.

• 8 years of experience working with various APIs in different industries

• Developed and implemented API strategies for multiple products

• Experience in API design, development, and integration

• Worked on API security and performance optimization

• Collaborated with cross-functional teams to ensure API functionality and usability

Coupling reactions are chemical reactions that involve the formation of a covalent bond between two molecules.

• Coupling reactions involve the combination of two molecules to form a new compound.

• These reactions often require a catalyst to facilitate the bond formation.

• Coupling reactions can be used in organic synthesis to create complex molecules.

• Examples of coupling reactions include the Suzuki coupling, Heck reaction, and Sonogashira coupling.

C-C bond formation reactions involve the creation of a covalent bond between two carbon atoms.

• Cross-coupling reactions, such as the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, involve the coupling of two carbon-containing molecules using a metal catalyst.

• Alkylation reactions involve the addition of an alkyl group to a carbon atom, forming a new C-C bond.

• Aldol condensation reactions involve the formation of a new C-C bond between the alpha-carbon of one carbonyl compound and the carbonyl carbon ...read more

LCMS stands for Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. It is a technique used to separate, identify and quantify components in a mixture.

• LCMS involves the use of a liquid chromatography column to separate the components of a mixture based on their chemical properties.

• The separated components are then ionized and passed through a mass spectrometer to determine their mass-to-charge ratio.

• LCMS is commonly used in drug discovery, environmental analysis, and forensic science.

• LCM...read more

Protecting amine compounds is important in organic synthesis to prevent unwanted reactions.

• A common method for protecting amines is to convert them into their corresponding amine salts.

• Another approach is to use protecting groups, such as Boc (tert-butyloxycarbonyl) or Fmoc (fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl), which can be selectively removed later.

• Protecting amines can also be achieved by converting them into amides or carbamates.

• Care must be taken to choose a protecting group or m...read more

Managing customers requires effective communication, understanding their needs, and building strong relationships.

• Establish clear communication channels and set expectations

• Listen actively to their needs and concerns

• Provide regular updates and progress reports

• Build trust and rapport through positive interactions

• Address any issues or concerns promptly and professionally

Separation can be achieved by identifying distinct components and implementing processes to isolate them.

• Identify the components that need to be separated

• Choose a suitable separation method such as filtration, distillation, or chromatography

• Implement the chosen method to isolate the components

• Ensure proper handling and disposal of separated components

Palladium catalysts are widely used in organic chemistry reactions.

• Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions

• Palladium-catalyzed C-H activation reactions

• Palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction

• Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura reaction

• Palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling

• Palladium-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination

Deviation refers to the difference between the actual and expected or planned outcome.

• It is a measure of how far something is from the norm or standard.

• It can be positive or negative depending on whether the actual outcome is better or worse than expected.

• Examples include financial deviation, production deviation, and quality deviation.

• Deviation can be calculated using statistical methods such as standard deviation or variance.

Distillation is a process of separating components of a mixture based on their boiling points. There are several types of distillation.

• Simple distillation: used for separating components with large difference in boiling points

• Fractional distillation: used for separating components with closer boiling points

• Vacuum distillation: used for separating components with high boiling points

• Steam distillation: used for separating components that are immiscible with water

• Azeotropic dist...read more

Businesses handle revenue through various channels such as sales, services, investments, and partnerships.

• Revenue can be generated through sales of products or services.

• Businesses can also earn revenue through investments in stocks, bonds, or real estate.

• Partnerships with other companies can also contribute to revenue generation.

• Diversifying revenue streams can help businesses mitigate risks and increase overall profitability.

The question is asking for all the 1HNMR data.

• 1HNMR is a technique used in chemistry to determine the structure of molecules.

• It provides information about the number and type of hydrogen atoms in a molecule.

• The data obtained from 1HNMR can be used to identify functional groups and determine the purity of a sample.

GMP stands for Good Manufacturing Practice, a set of guidelines ensuring products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards.

• GMP is a system for ensuring that products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards.

• It is designed to minimize the risks involved in any pharmaceutical production that cannot be eliminated through testing the final product.

• Examples of GMP guidelines include proper sanitation, validation of equi...read more

Organic science is the study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment.

• Focuses on the study of living organisms and their biological processes

• Includes fields such as biology, ecology, and environmental science

• Examines the relationships between organisms and their surroundings

• Involves research on topics like genetics, evolution, and ecosystems

Unit operations and transport phenomena are essential concepts in chemical engineering, involving processes like distillation, filtration, and heat transfer.

• Unit operations refer to individual processes in chemical engineering, such as distillation, filtration, and crystallization.

• Transport phenomena involve the movement of mass, energy, and momentum in chemical processes.

• Examples of transport phenomena include heat transfer, mass transfer, and fluid flow.

• Understanding unit o...read more

I have basic self-defense skills to ensure my safety and the safety of others.

• I have taken self-defense classes and learned techniques to protect myself in dangerous situations.

• I am aware of my surroundings and can identify potential threats.

• I know how to use common objects as improvised weapons if necessary.

• I am trained in basic self-defense moves such as blocking, striking, and escaping holds.

• I prioritize communication and de-escalation techniques to avoid physical confront...read more

Safety rules to follow in a research scientist role

• Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, lab coats, and safety goggles

• Follow proper procedures for handling chemicals and biological materials

• Ensure proper ventilation in the laboratory

• Regularly inspect and maintain laboratory equipment

• Know emergency procedures and the location of safety equipment such as eyewash stations and fire extinguishers