Programming: Difference between OOP and POP. Dynamic vs. Static binding. Why do we need virtual functions? What is template? Three different ways to make a while loop an infinite one. Pointer to an array vs. array of pointers. What is the use of pointer to functions?

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Accepted Answer

Explains OOP vs POP, dynamic vs static binding, virtual functions, templates, while loops, pointers to arrays and functions.

OOP focuses on objects and classes while POP focuses on procedures and functions.
Dynamic binding is resolved at runtime while static binding is resolved at compile time.
Virtual functions allow for polymorphism and dynamic binding.
Templates allow for generic programming.
Three ways to make a while loop infinite: while(1), while(true), while(condition that always evaluates to true)
Pointer to an array points to the first element while array of pointers is an array that holds pointers.
Pointer to functions can be used for callbacks or to pass functions as arguments.

Accepted Answer

1. Difference between OOP and POP

2. Dynamic vs. Static Binding

Static Binding (Early Binding)

Occurs at compile time.

Faster but less flexible.

Example: Function overloading.

Dynamic Binding (Late Binding)

Occurs at runtime.

Supports polymorphism and flexibility.

Example: Virtual functions in C++.

3. Why do we need virtual functions?

Virtual functions allow dynamic polymorphism, meaning the function call is resolved at runtime based on the object's actual type. This is essential when using base class pointers to refer to derived class objects.