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40+ Prothious Engineering Services Interview Questions and Answers
Q1. What will be cable size & CB rating for 50KW motor at 30m distance from panel?
The cable size and circuit breaker rating for a 50KW motor at 30m distance from the panel depend on factors like voltage, current, and installation conditions.
Calculate the full load current (FLC) of the motor using the formula: FLC = (Power (kW) * 1000) / (sqrt(3) * Voltage)
Select a cable size based on the FLC, voltage drop considerations, and installation conditions
Choose a circuit breaker rating based on the FLC and the motor's starting current requirements
Consider factors...read more
Q2. What will be short circuit current form 1000kVA TF (5% Z) on a panel and determine it’s CB Fault current rating? Which IEC Standard is used?
Short circuit current from 1000kVA TF (5% Z) on a panel and determine its CB Fault current rating using IEC Standard.
Calculate the short circuit current using the formula: Short circuit current = 1000kVA / (1.732 * 5%)
Determine the CB Fault current rating based on the calculated short circuit current
Refer to IEC Standard for guidelines on short circuit current calculations and CB ratings
Q3. How to design exit sign lighting in corridor or pathways? (Lighting design)
Exit sign lighting in corridors or pathways is designed to provide clear and visible guidance to occupants in case of emergency.
Ensure exit signs are placed at all exits and change in direction
Use photoluminescent materials for backup in case of power failure
Provide adequate lighting levels to ensure visibility in all conditions
Consider using LED lights for energy efficiency and long lifespan
Q4. How clearance maintained with cable tray and wet service pipe ?
Clearance between cable tray and wet service pipe is maintained by using appropriate support systems and ensuring proper spacing.
Use support systems such as clamps, hangers, and brackets to secure the cable tray and wet service pipe at appropriate distances.
Ensure proper spacing between the cable tray and wet service pipe to prevent any contact or interference.
Follow industry standards and regulations for minimum clearance requirements between different services.
Regularly ins...read more
Q5. How to design CCTV system ? which cable used for CCTV?
Designing a CCTV system involves selecting appropriate cameras, DVR/NVR, and cables based on requirements.
Determine the coverage area and required resolution for each camera
Select suitable cameras (e.g. dome, bullet, PTZ) based on the environment
Choose a DVR/NVR with enough storage capacity and network connectivity
Use high-quality coaxial cables (e.g. RG59) for analog cameras or Ethernet cables for IP cameras
Consider using power over Ethernet (PoE) for easier installation
Q6. What is Harmonics in transformer? What are it’s impacts on system and how to reduce it?
Harmonics in transformers are non-linear currents or voltages that can cause overheating, increased losses, and interference in electrical systems.
Harmonics are multiples of the fundamental frequency in the power system, typically caused by non-linear loads like variable frequency drives or rectifiers.
Impacts of harmonics include increased heating in transformers, higher losses, reduced power quality, and interference with communication systems.
To reduce harmonics, methods su...read more
Q7. What is Uniformity factor? (Lighting design)
Uniformity factor is a measure of how evenly distributed light is in a given space.
Uniformity factor is calculated by dividing the minimum illuminance level by the average illuminance level in a space.
A higher uniformity factor indicates more even lighting distribution.
Uniformity factor is important in lighting design to ensure consistent lighting levels throughout a space.
For example, in an office setting, a uniformity factor of 0.7 or higher is typically desired.
Q8. What is maintenance factor? (Lighting design)
Maintenance factor is a multiplier used in lighting design to account for the decrease in light output over time due to dirt, aging, and other factors.
Maintenance factor is typically a value between 0 and 1, with 1 indicating no decrease in light output over time.
It is used to adjust the initial illuminance level calculated for a space to account for the decrease in light output over the life of the lighting system.
Factors that can affect maintenance factor include dirt accum...read more
Q9. How much spacing required between smoke detectors?
Spacing between smoke detectors depends on the type of detector and the manufacturer's recommendations.
Spacing between smoke detectors is typically around 30 feet in residential areas.
For high ceilings, detectors may need to be spaced closer together.
Consult the manufacturer's guidelines for specific spacing requirements.
Q10. What are reflection index in rooms?
Reflection index in rooms refers to the amount of sound reflected off surfaces within a room.
Reflection index is important in determining the acoustics of a room.
High reflection index can lead to echoes and reverberation.
Materials like concrete and glass have high reflection index, while soft materials like carpets and curtains have low reflection index.
Q11. How to design transformer room?
Designing a transformer room involves considering safety, space requirements, ventilation, and electrical codes.
Ensure proper ventilation to prevent overheating of transformers
Follow electrical codes and regulations for clearances and access
Provide adequate space for maintenance and operation of transformers
Consider safety measures such as fire protection and emergency shutdown systems
Q12. What are steps in design of PSC Girder, Pre n Post tensioned both.
Design of PSC Girder involves several steps for both pre and post tensioned girders.
Determine the span length and load requirements
Select the cross-sectional shape and dimensions
Calculate the required prestressing force and tendon layout
Design the reinforcement for the non-prestressed section
Analyze the girder for serviceability and ultimate limit states
Check deflection, cracking, and shear capacity
Prepare detailed drawings and specifications
Fabricate and install the girder
Q13. What is load density?
Load density refers to the amount of power consumed per unit area or volume.
Load density is typically measured in watts per square meter or watts per cubic meter.
It is used in electrical design to determine the distribution of power consumption in a given space.
Higher load density may require more robust electrical systems to handle the increased power demand.
For example, data centers have high load density due to the large number of servers consuming power in a confined spac...read more
Q14. What is CRI? (Lighting design)
CRI stands for Color Rendering Index, a measure of how accurately a light source illuminates colors compared to natural light.
CRI is a scale from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating better color rendering.
It is important in lighting design to ensure colors appear true and vibrant.
LED lights typically have high CRI values, making them popular for applications where color accuracy is crucial.
Q15. What is UGR? (Lighting design)
UGR stands for Unified Glare Rating, a measure of the discomfort glare perceived by an observer.
UGR is used in lighting design to evaluate the visual comfort of lighting installations.
It takes into account factors such as the luminance of the light source, the position of the observer, and the reflectance of the surrounding surfaces.
Lower UGR values indicate less glare and better visual comfort for the occupants.
For example, a UGR of 19 or below is considered suitable for off...read more
Q16. How to design earthing?
Earthing design involves creating a low-resistance path for fault currents to safely dissipate into the ground.
Determine the type of earthing system needed based on the specific requirements of the electrical installation.
Calculate the required size of the earthing conductors based on the fault current levels and soil resistivity.
Ensure proper bonding of all metallic structures and equipment to the earthing system to prevent dangerous potential differences.
Regularly test and ...read more
Q17. What earth loop impedance?
Earth loop impedance is the total impedance of the earth fault current path in an electrical circuit.
Earth loop impedance is important for ensuring the safety of electrical installations.
It is measured in ohms and is used to calculate the maximum fault current that could flow in the event of a fault.
Low earth loop impedance is desirable as it helps to quickly trip circuit breakers in case of a fault.
It is influenced by factors such as the resistance of the earth path, the imp...read more
Q18. How to size cable tray?
Cable tray sizing involves considering the current carrying capacity, voltage drop, and environmental factors.
Calculate the total current carrying capacity required for the cables in the tray.
Consider the voltage drop limitations based on the distance and load.
Take into account the environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and corrosive elements.
Select the appropriate size and material of the cable tray based on the above calculations.
Ensure proper spacing and supp...read more
Q19. When coupler is provided in reinforcement?
Couplers are provided in reinforcement to join two reinforcement bars together.
Couplers are used to join reinforcement bars when the length of the reinforcement is not sufficient.
Couplers are used to avoid the lap length of reinforcement bars.
Couplers are used to reduce the congestion of reinforcement bars in the structure.
Couplers are used to provide better structural integrity and strength.
Couplers are commonly used in construction of bridges, tunnels, and high-rise buildin...read more
Q20. What parameters would you consider while designing MSB.
Parameters considered while designing MSB.
Load capacity
Material selection
Safety factors
Environmental conditions
Ease of maintenance
Q21. Do you have experience with Service Mapping?
Yes, I have experience with Service Mapping.
I have used ServiceNow's Service Mapping tool to map out dependencies and relationships between IT services.
I have also worked with other service mapping tools such as BMC Discovery and Dynatrace.
Through service mapping, I have been able to identify potential areas of improvement and streamline processes.
I have also used service mapping to create visual representations of IT infrastructure for stakeholders.
Q22. Draw any bridge cross section and show the reinforcement required?
A bridge cross section with required reinforcement.
Draw a cross section of a bridge with dimensions and materials used.
Identify the areas that require reinforcement based on the load and stress analysis.
Show the reinforcement required using appropriate symbols and annotations.
Include details such as bar diameter, spacing, and cover.
Consider the type of reinforcement needed, such as steel or fiber-reinforced polymer.
Ensure compliance with relevant codes and standards.
Q23. How much lap provided in rcc column ?
The lap provided in RCC column depends on the diameter of the column and the load it is expected to bear.
The lap length is usually 50 times the diameter of the column.
For example, if the diameter of the column is 300mm, the lap length would be 15000mm or 15m.
The lap length also depends on the load the column is expected to bear.
For heavy loads, the lap length should be increased.
The lap length should be calculated by a structural engineer or as per the design specifications.
Q24. Can you Insert Alignment with 3km stations and for the Surface limit the Triangles
Yes, alignment can be inserted with 3km stations and the triangles can be limited for the surface.
To insert alignment with 3km stations, you can use alignment design software or CAD tools.
For limiting triangles on the surface, you can use surface modeling techniques or software.
By specifying the desired triangle size or density, you can control the number of triangles on the surface.
Q25. Draw rough skatch of rcc Deck slab and level it?
To draw a rough sketch of RCC deck slab and level it, start by identifying the dimensions and then sketching the slab with proper levels.
Identify the dimensions of the RCC deck slab
Sketch the slab with proper levels
Ensure that the sketch is rough and not to scale
Label the important features of the slab such as beams and columns
Q26. Reinforcement detailing of PSC Box Girder
Reinforcement detailing of PSC Box Girder
Reinforcement detailing is crucial for the strength and durability of PSC box girders
The detailing should be done as per the design specifications and codes
The reinforcement should be placed in such a way that it can resist the bending and shear forces
Proper spacing and cover should be maintained for the reinforcement
The detailing should also consider the construction process and ease of placement
Q27. What is Post Implementation Review?
Post Implementation Review is a process of evaluating the success of a project after its completion.
It is conducted after the project has been implemented to evaluate its success
It involves reviewing the project's objectives, outcomes, and performance
It identifies areas of improvement for future projects
It helps in identifying lessons learned and best practices
It involves gathering feedback from stakeholders and team members
Examples include reviewing a software implementation...read more
Q28. What is bolt grade and it's mean
Bolt grade refers to the strength and hardness of a bolt. It is indicated by a number stamped on the head of the bolt.
Bolt grade is determined by the material and manufacturing process of the bolt.
Higher grade bolts are stronger and can withstand more stress.
Bolt grade is indicated by a number stamped on the head of the bolt, such as 8.8 or 10.9.
The first number indicates the ultimate tensile strength in MPa, while the second number indicates the yield strength in MPa.
Q29. Difference between Urgent and Emergency changes
Urgent changes require immediate attention, while emergency changes are critical and require immediate action.
Urgent changes are important but not critical, and can be scheduled within a reasonable timeframe.
Emergency changes are critical and require immediate action to prevent major incidents or outages.
Urgent changes may include software updates or minor configuration changes.
Emergency changes may include security patches or critical infrastructure repairs.
Urgent changes ca...read more
Q30. How to make the policy process to the non it users
The policy process can be made accessible to non-IT users through clear communication, training, and user-friendly documentation.
Use plain language and avoid technical jargon when explaining policies to non-IT users.
Provide training sessions or workshops to educate non-IT users about the policy process and its importance.
Create user-friendly documentation, such as policy summaries or infographics, that clearly outline the key points of each policy.
Establish a feedback mechani...read more
Q31. How to check tower load valudation
Tower load validation can be checked through structural analysis software and manual calculations.
Use structural analysis software to simulate different load conditions on the tower.
Calculate the expected load on the tower based on the design specifications and environmental factors.
Compare the simulated and calculated loads to ensure they are within the safe limits.
Perform on-site inspections and measurements to verify the actual load on the tower.
Consult with structural eng...read more
Q32. How can you Help us with Lidar and modelling
I can help with Lidar and modeling by utilizing my knowledge and skills in data analysis, software tools, and 3D modeling techniques.
I have experience working with Lidar data and can assist in processing and analyzing the data to extract meaningful information.
I am proficient in using software tools like AutoCAD, SolidWorks, or Blender to create accurate and detailed 3D models based on Lidar data.
I can collaborate with the team to develop algorithms or scripts for Lidar data ...read more
Q33. What is change life cycle
Change life cycle is a process of managing changes in an organization from initiation to closure.
It involves planning, implementing, and monitoring changes
It includes identifying the need for change, assessing the impact, and communicating the change to stakeholders
It also involves training employees, testing the change, and making adjustments as necessary
The final stage is closure, where the change is evaluated and lessons learned are documented for future reference
Q34. latest irc code for designing
The latest IRC code for designing is IRC:SP:84-2014.
IRC:SP:84-2014 is the latest code for designing of bridges and culverts in India.
It provides guidelines for the design of various components of bridges and culverts.
The code covers aspects such as loads and forces, materials, structural design, and construction.
It also includes provisions for seismic design and durability of structures.
IRC:SP:84-2014 is widely used by engineers and designers in India for designing bridges an...read more
Q35. softwares used for designing
Various softwares are used for designing depending on the field. Some common ones are AutoCAD, SolidWorks, SketchUp, and Adobe Creative Suite.
AutoCAD is used for 2D drafting and 3D modeling
SolidWorks is used for mechanical design and simulation
SketchUp is used for architectural and interior design
Adobe Creative Suite is used for graphic design and multimedia
Q36. What is Truss member
A truss member is a structural component of a truss, which is a framework of beams used to support a roof or bridge.
Truss members are typically straight and connected at joints.
They can be made of various materials such as wood, steel, or aluminum.
Common types of truss members include chords, webs, and diagonals.
Truss members are designed to carry tension or compression forces efficiently.
Examples of truss members include beams, bars, and cables.
Q37. Project flow steps details
Project flow steps involve planning, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.
Planning: Define project scope, objectives, and requirements.
Design: Develop a detailed plan and create schematics.
Implementation: Install and integrate components.
Testing: Verify functionality and performance.
Maintenance: Monitor and update system as needed.
Examples: Building a power distribution system, designing a control panel for a manufacturing line.
Q38. Calculation of earthquake loads
Earthquake loads are calculated using seismic design codes and formulas based on the seismic hazard of the region.
Determine the seismic hazard of the region using historical data and seismic maps
Select a seismic design code such as ASCE 7 or Eurocode 8
Calculate the seismic base shear using the formula V = CsW
Distribute the seismic base shear to the structure using the appropriate load combinations
Consider the effects of soil conditions and building height on earthquake loads
Q39. Adopting security controls
Adopting security controls is crucial for protecting sensitive information and preventing cyber attacks.
Implementing strong password policies
Regularly updating software and systems
Enforcing access controls based on least privilege
Conducting regular security audits and assessments
Training employees on security best practices
Q40. Patch load on towers
Patch load on towers refers to the additional weight or load that is applied to a tower structure to strengthen or modify its capacity.
Patch load can be applied to towers to increase their capacity to withstand wind, seismic, or other loads.
Patch load can also be used to redistribute loads on a tower to prevent structural failures.
Examples of patch loads include adding steel plates or braces to a tower structure to increase its strength.
Calculations for patch loads should con...read more
Q41. Codes on towers
Codes on towers refer to the specific design and construction standards that must be followed for safety and structural integrity.
Codes on towers are regulations set by organizations like ANSI/TIA and ASCE that dictate the design, construction, and maintenance of towers.
These codes cover aspects such as materials used, structural design, wind loading, and safety factors.
For example, ANSI/TIA-222-G specifies the requirements for the design and construction of communication tow...read more
Q42. Explain the Cis controls
The CIS Controls are a set of best practices for cybersecurity defense.
The CIS Controls are a prioritized set of actions that organizations can take to improve their cybersecurity posture.
There are 20 CIS Controls, which are organized into three implementation groups: Basic, Foundational, and Organizational.
Examples of CIS Controls include implementing strong passwords, regularly patching software, and monitoring network traffic.
The CIS Controls are regularly updated to addre...read more
Q43. Line sizing criteria
Line sizing criteria is based on factors like flow rate, pressure drop, velocity, and material compatibility.
Consider the flow rate of the fluid being transported
Calculate the pressure drop allowed in the system
Determine the velocity of the fluid to prevent erosion or corrosion
Ensure the material of the line is compatible with the fluid being transported
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